Historical Document · 1904
Georg Luger's US patent for the redesigned toggle-locked pistol that grew out of the Borchardt C-93, issued 1 March 1904; describes the 'knee-press' toggle resting slightly below centre.
No. 753,414. PATENTED MAR, l, 1904, G, LUGER, RECOIL, LOADING SMALL ARMS, APPLICATI0N FILEID MAR, 17, 1900, NO MODEL, O SHEETS-SEEET 3. è No. 753,414. PATENTED MAR, l, 1904. G, LUGER, REC0IL L0AIDING SMAILL ARMS, APPLICATI0N FILEID MAR, Il 7, 1900, No. 753,414. PATENTED MAR, l, 1904. G. TU GER, RECOIL, LOADING SMALL ARMS, APPLICATI0N FILEID MAR, 17, 1900, NO MODEL. 10 SHEETS-SHEET 5. N. 753,414, PATENTED MAR, l, 1904, G, UGER, RECOIL, LOADING SMALL ARMS, APPLICATION FILED MAR, 17, 1900, NO YODEL, 10 SHEETSSHEET 6. V G, LUGER, PATENTED MAR, l, 1904, RECOIL LOADING SMALL ARMS, APPLICATI0N FILEID MAR, 17, 1900, NO MODEL, 10 SHEETS-SHEET 7. l No. 753,414, PATENTED MAR, l 1904, G, IUGER, REC0IL L0 AIDING SMALL ARMIS, APPLICATION FILED MAR, 17, 1900. N0 MODEL, O SHEETS-SIEET 8 No. 753,414, PATENTED MAR, l, 1904, G, TUGER. REC0III, IL0AIDING SMAILL ARMS, NO MODEL, APPLICATION FILED MAR, 17, 1900, 10 SHEETS-SHEET 0. No. 753,414. Patented March 1, 1904. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. GEORG LUGER, OF CHARLOTTENBURG, GERMANY. REco L-LoAD NG sRALL ARRA. SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 753,414, dated RIarch 1, 1904. Application filed March 17, 1900, Serial No. 9,083, (No model.) To all whom, it may concern: the pressure of the gases by a construction Beit known that I, GEORGLUGER, engineer, owing to which when the links of such knee a subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, joint are extended its central hinge comes to residing at Weimarerstrasse 34, Charlotten be situated little below the end points of the burg, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, joint. Thisa slight depression, adopted on the have invented certain new and useful Improve "knee-press’ principle, is intended to protect 55 ments in or Connected with Recoil-Loading -the joint while at rest and during the rearward Small-Arms; and I do hereby declare the fol traverse of the barrel from breaking open. lowing to be a full, clear, and exact description Now in order to make this arrangement en IO of the invention, such as will enable others tirely secure the contrivance here adopted con skilled in the art to which it appertains to make sists in providing the rearward joint of the ?? and use the same. toggle-lever with shoulders which are some This invention relates to improvements in what inclined in upward and rearward direc recoil-firearms provided with movable barrels tions and which lie in close contact with con and toggle-actuated or knee-jointed breech veniently-situated abutments and in conjunc blocks, its object being, while simplifying the tion with the pivot of knee-joint take up on construction of breech-loading recoil-firearms behalf of the rearwardthelever gas-pressure of this class, to perfect their operation in such transmitted rearward by thethebreech-block. a manner as to enable them fully to meet all The resultis that the gas-pressure in all cases 2 ? reasonable requirements. first exerted upon the above-mentioned bev he invention has reference not only to ar is eled shoulders or upon the abutments sup rangements calculated to improve the mode porting them, so that only part of its weight of operation of the most important parts of is brought bear upon the pivot of the rear the weapon, and more especially of the breech lever of thetojoint, and which pivot is fitted 25 mechanism, and to simplify their structural loosely in its socket, whereas in the existing features, but also to devices by the aid of constructions this pivot to sustain the 75. which, while the weapon is being carried from full gas-pressure and washad accordingly liable place to place, the parts are prevented from to injury or destruction by bending or break coming accidentally into operation when they ing. Owing to the provision of the free space are required to remain out of action and above to for the pivot of the rear le which in firing render it impossible for the ver to alluded work in-small that space is-and, breech to open prematurely under the pres further, of the beveled asshoulders, links of sure of the gases, so that the safety of the the toggle-lever or knee-joint whentheextended marksman is under all circumstances guaran as will be more fully explained later on, 35 teed, and yet the readiness for firing of th have, a tendency to move in such a manner that in weapon is in no way impaired. firing-that is, under the influence of the pres As regards first of all the breech mechan sure of the gases-before bulletthehasbarrel left ism there is provided a highly important new the barrel, and consequentlythebefore arrangement which enables the toggle or knee receded, the premature folding or crank joint at the barrel end, which serves to effect has ing of the jointed links—or, in other words, a positive closing, to be extended or closed or the premature cranked, folded, or opened, as the case may be, take place. opening of the breech-cannot by manipulating it directly at the central With reference to the closing-spring, which hinge or pivot-point, whereas it is a well serves to close the breech-or, in other words, 45 known fact that formerly special lever mech to restore the knee-joint or toggle after it has anism was required to transmitmotion there been opened or cranked to its closed or ex 95 to for this purpose. The knee-joint or toggle tended position-the which this is in existing arrangements secured in the invention provides is improvement that a flat spring is used 'closed’ position and enabled to withstand for the purpose, which is extended to its full 32 753,414 length, or approximately so, within the neck Certain improvements, to be more fully de 65 of the butt, the operative or free upper end scribed hereinafter, have also been made in of such spring being connected to a swinging the trigger and in the means for securing the arm suspended from the rearward link or le Sale. ver of the knee-joint or toggle, owing to the In the accompanying drawings, in which a intermediate agency of which arm the said recoil-firearm in the form of a pistol con spring, though having but a comparatively structed in accordance with the present inven narrow space to workin, is enabled to control tion is represented, by way of example, and the movements of the knee-joint or toggle in which like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference, Figure 1 is a left-hand within given and relatively wide limits. elevation of the pistol with all the opera 75 In order to facilitate and simplify as far as side practicable the operations of taking the fire tive parts secured against accidental move arm to pieces and afterward refitting the ment. -- Fig. 1" is a corresponding diagram. the position of the breech mech same, the device here adopted consists in con illustrating necting the portion of the weapon which com anism or knee-joint. Fig. 2 is a similar view Fig. 1, but showing the pistol after firing prises the receiver and the barrel with the to butt or handle-piece, which receives that por in the first stage of the rearward motion of is, before the breech knee tion, by means of a sliding and revoluble bolt the barrel-that or toggle has been retracted or opened. fitted in the butt so as to be laterally remov joint 2 ? able and constituting what it is proposed to Fig. 2" is a corresponding diagram of parts. Fig. 3 is a similar view to Fig. 2, but show describe as the "breech-holder,’ a projecting ing the pistol with the breech open and the part or stop of which is adapted to rest di rectly or indirectly against an extension or knee-joint or toggle retracted and the barrel projection on the lower side of the barrel. in its rearmost position. Fig. 3" is a corre 25 While the barrel is at rest-that is, in the for sponding diagram of parts. Fig. 4 is a view ward position-the barrel-tube or its exten taken from the right-hand side, representing parts of the pistol in the same position sion is, under the influence of the closing the spring, which maintains the linked levers or as in Fig. 3, but with the wooden butt casing shell removed. Fig. 4" is a detail side toggle in the extended condition and the bar or rel in its forward position, firmly pressed view of the spring-actuated catch member t. 95 Fig. 5 is a side elevation, partly in section, against the bolt, or rather the stop of the bolt, corresponding to Fig. 3, including an eleva so that consequently the said closing-spring tion of the retracted knee-joint or toggle. itself serves to secure the connection of the Fig. 6 is a vertical longitudinal section rep ????! or barrel-tube and the receiver with the resenting the pistol immediately before firing. 35 utt. The invention further comprises a novel au Fig. 7 is a corresponding horizontal section Ioo line of the barrel. Fig. 8 tomatic arresting arrangement for keeping taken 6n the axial transverse section taken on the the breech open after the contents of the maga islinea atvertical a, Fig. 6, and viewed from the front. zine have been exhausted. It consists of a 40 special arresting-lever located within the fire Figs. 8" to 8 illustrate the arrangement and arm on one side of the magazine, close to the operation of the trigger mechanism in its positions, Figs. 8", 8", and 8" being opening through which the cartridges pass several diagrams showing the particular position oc into the breech, such lever being adapted cupied at the time by the trigger-lever and when in consequence of the magazine being trigger-rod in each case. Fig. 9 is a similar empty the cartridge-feeder is raised after the 45 to Fig. 6, but representing the pistol IO last cartridge has been fired to be moved into view the operative position by a stop, stud, or the immediately after firing and showing the in elevation. Fig. 10 is a horizon like, connected with the said cartridge-feeder magazine tal section corresponding with Fig. 9. Fig. in such a manner that one end of it rests against 11 is a longitudinal section, but with the a shoulder of the breech-block, thereby pre breech in elevation, showing the II 5 venting its moving into the closed position. parts inmechanism same positions as are represented Now even should the empty magazine be re in Fig. 9.theFigs. 12 and 13 are diagrams show moved the arresting-lever being engaged with the breech-bolt stillowing to the action of the ing how, before and during the firing opera the shoulders of the rear link of the toggle breech-closing spring, compels the breech to tion, remain open, so that for the purpose of in devers coöperate with their respective about T 2 ? and the rear pivot of the levers and also serting a freshly-filled magazine and loading ments illustrate the disposition of the toggle or knee the barrel the necessity of first reopening the joint and its constituent parts when subjected breech is avoided. The button or stud with the pressure of the gases, but prior to the ?? which the cartridge-feeder is provided toen to stroke of the barrel. Fig. 14 is a I 25 able it to operate the arresting-lever will at backward similar view to Fig. 1, illustrating the man the same time render signal service in depress ing the feeder-spring while the magazine is ner in which the barrel and trigger are locked against movement by means of an arresting de being filled. 753,414 3. vice, the corresponding half of the butt-shell cranked, folded, or opened while the barrel being removed for the sake of greater clear performs its rearward movement. To this end ness. Fig. 15 is a similar view representing the lever-eye knuckle or boss with which the the arresting device out of action, the barrel knee-joint or toggle is provided, and which in and trigger being consequently unsecured and the example shown forms of the rear le free to move. Figs. 16 and 17 are sectional ver c, though, if desired, itpart might be formed side views illustrating the arrangement and on the forward lever, is extended laterally in operation of the breech-bolt-intercepting de one or, preferably, in both directions beyond vice, whereby after the magazine has been arms of the fork-shaped barrel extension ?? emptied-that is, the last cartridge fired-the the B, thus forming studs, projections, or shoul 75 breech is held open. Fig. 18 comprises a side ders, which in the drawings are marked c^. elevation and a top view or plan of the breech In the path of these studs or projections c in bolt-intercepting lever. Fig. 19 is an eleva the present example suitably-curved guide tion of the handle-piece or butt separately. surfaces C* are provided sides of the Fig. 20 is a separate view of the barrel with handle-piece, which whenontheboth barrel recedes the fork-shaped extension and the breech knee are impinged upon by the above-mentioned joint or toggle. Fig. 21 is a separate elevation studs or projections c^, which by reason of their of the trigger tongue and spring. Fig. 22 is a shape are termed "knee-eyes’ or “link-eyes,” front and side elevation of the barrel-holding so that when a shot is fired they are by the 2? bolt. Figs. 23, 25, and 24 are respectively a effect the recoil moved upward, and thus side elevation, viewed from left to right, a becomeofthe means of cranking or 'opening’ front elevation, and an opposite side view of the linked levers. During the first stage of the trigger cover-plate separately. Fig. 26 is a this operation the closing-springfis front elevation of the trigger-lever separately. somewhat, so as to modify the violencestrained of the 25 Fig. 27 is a vertical longitudinal section of impact of the studs or shoulders c^ upon go the butt separately. Fig. 28 is a side eleva curved guide-surfaces C*, and thereby, as the far tion of the fork-shaped barrel extension sepa as practicable, protect the parts involved from rately, the breech knee-joint or toggle and wear destruction. This phase is illustrated trigger-rod being omitted. Fig. 29 is a side in theordrawings by Figs. 1 and 2 and the cor elevation of the knee-joint or toggle and responding diagrams 2", Figs. 1 and 1", 95 breech-bolt separately. Fig. 30 is a top view showing the position 1"ofand the breech - closing or plan thereof. Fig. 31 is a top view and side mechanism when the linked toggle-levers are elevation of the sear sesarately. Fig. 32 is extended, while Figs. 2 and 2" illustrate the a top view and side elevation of the cartridge moment at which the studs or shoulders c^ 35 ejector separately. Fig. 33 is a top view and impinge upon the guide-surfaces C*. The I OO side elevation of the cartridge-extractor sepa position of while the joited levers rately. Fig. 34 is a separate view of the fir are crankedtheorparts folded, or, in other words, ing-pin, together with its actuating-spring. while the breech-closing mechanisri is Fig. 35 is a front elevation and a side. eleva illustrated in Figs. 3 and 3". In theis open, second tion of the end piece of the breech-bolt, and phase of the process of recession of the barrel, Figs. 36 and 37 are opposite side elevations during which the studs or shoulders c^ rise to of the magazine separately. their highest position by sliding along the As is usual in recoil-firearms of the category guide-surfaces C, the closing-spring is neces of arms to which the pistol represented in the 5 drawings belongs, said pistol comprises three Sarily subjected to its highest strain, so that the succeeding first stage of the advance or II. ? parts-namely, the barrel A, with the fork next closing movement of the breech-block, during shaped extension B integral with or rigidly which the cartridge is made to pass from the attached to it, the breech-block c, and the case magazine into the barrel, is accomplished by C, whereby the barrel and fork-shaped ex the aid of the maximum which the spring tension are guided and which in pistols or the is capable of displayingpower as it is relieved from I I5 like is best formed, as shown, with its lower ex pressure. As the linked arrangement is about tension constituting the handle of the weapon. to be cranked or opened the fullest possible The case C will therefore hereinafter be re benefit is derived from the relative position of ferred to throughout as the 'handle-piece.” the levers, inasmuch as it will be seen that the As stated in the introductory part of this power of the recoil becomes operative at the I 2 ? specification, this firearm is one of the class joint of such linked arrangement, wherein the closing of the breech is effected in theconnection present example end of the by means of a knee-joint or toggle, and it rearward linked lever, sothethatfront the full length engages one of the levers-namely, the front of the linked levers comes into play as the re comprises a breech-block c, movable in the sultant motive force attains the maximum. fork-shaped barrel extension B, with which The link connection is partly carried out in I 25 one, c', while the other or rear lever, c,ishinged manner already known. Thus when the to the said fork-shaped extension by means of the linked parts are extended it happens that of the pivot b. Now in accordance with the pres the three points I, II, and III of the toggle ent invention the knee-joint or toggle is joint the axis of the central one, II-namely, LLLLLLYSSLLLSLSSSLSSSMSSSLSSLLSSSLYLSLSLSSLSLSSLSLSSLHMLMLSSSLSSSMSMMSMSSYSLSLLSTTSSSS 758,414. closing-spring.f, which controls the linked the ' knee” proper-occupies a position a The mechanism and restores it to the closed or ex little below a line drawn through the axes I tended position after the breech has been and II of the ends of the jointed parts, as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 2". It is, how opened, is a plate-spring lying in the neck of C, extended to its full length, or ever, essential that this depression of the the butt so, parallel to the magazine and having, central part of the joint should be very slight nearly preferably, an S shape. Its lower end is indeed if it be desired that while the car inserted into a notched or recessed tridge is firmly fixed in its firing position laterally projection of its guiding-wall, while its op the opening of the breech should be feasi erative upper end is suitably connected with 75 ? ? ble without difficulty. Now to effect this re sult the arrangement is supplemented by the a swinging arm f', also preferably of an S following improved device: The rearward shape, which is pivotally connected with the rearward linked leyer c'. The lower end of linked lever c is provided with inclined shoul the carries laterally-projecting studs, ders c, which when the linked levers are overarmf' which the end of the spring is passed and extended come into close contact with dor with which it engages by means of a half respondingly-inclined offsets c' of the fork open suitably constructed in the shaped barrel extension B, so that while the shape hinge-eye of a claw or hook, This method of breech is closed or the link mechanism ex tended these offsets or abutments c' are capa connection insures perfect mobility and en 2 ? ble, in conjunction with the pivot b, of taking ables the parts to be readily detached when it up the pressure of the gases evolved in firing, is desired to take the weapon to pieces. combination of the spring thereby affording said pivot partial relief from The object of the pressure. This object is attained in a perfect f with the arm f", in view of the compara manner by inserting the said pivot or pin b tively limited play afforded to the spring by 90 location, is to enable the move into its socket loosely, whereby the result is its confined of the linked mechanism within the secured that under all circumstances the pres ments relatively wide limits to be controlled. sure of the gases will invariably exercise its givengreat advantage of this arrangement of effect first upon the shoulders c and their The the spring is, in fact, that while it occupies abutments d' and will in consequence of the very space it is yet capable of exerting 95 obliquity of the contact-surfaces raise the very little great power. The closing-spring also rear end of the linked lever, d' and at the same the barrel against the stop or bolt which time cause the said pivot to rest in contact holds connects it with the handle-piece and prevents. with its bearings and so that the extended it sliding out of same. This connection links will exhibit a tendency rather to become from effected by means of a revoluble bolt , re 35 a little more depressed at the center, though is this tendency is of course limited by the movably fitted within such handle-piece and termed the 'breech-holder,’ which is amount of play given to the pin or pivot b, herein but is at all events no more than sufficient to provided with a stud, projection, or stop '. prevent a premature folding or cranking of When the parts are connected, the position of O the bolt r (shown in Figs. 6 and 9) is such the links in firing in a more effective manner that stud ' is situated in front of a shoul thanis feasible in existing constructions. The der o,itsprojecting the lower side of the tendency of the linked parts just referred to, barrel. The saidfrom or projection o which is caused partly by the fact, already thus serves to limitshoulder the forward movement of mentioned that the axis of the knee proper the barrel, and the barrel or the said projec 45 in any eyent comes to be situated a little be tion or shoulder o is normally held in contact low the axes of the ends of the linked parts with the stud r" by the springy, the closing and partly by the loose condition of the pin fibeing under slight tension even while or pivot b, is illustrated in Figs. 12 and 13, spring the former figure showing the normal or in the firearm is operative, so as to obviate any operative position thereof, in which the linked accidental movement of the parts. In Figs. or breech-closing parts are not subject to any 14 and 15 a handle is shown projecting from end of the bolt r for the purpose of oper strain, while the latter figure indicates that the it. When the bolt is in the position position which the parts will occupy when the ating in Fig. 6, the projection r rests against I links are under the action of the pressure of shown a stop 20 on the handle-piece, so that the bar the gases before the barrel has receded-that 55 rel cannot be pushed forward until the pro is, up to the moment when the studs or projec jection p' is turned downward out of the path tions o' impinge upon the curved guide-sur shoulder o. faces C*. The freedom or play allowed to the of Intheorder that the breech may remain open pivot b is here shown on a somewhat exagger when the magazine is empty, an arresting-le ated scale, so that the operation of the parts at vern, Figs. 16, 17, and 18, is arranged in the this juncture may be fully understood. The side wall of the handle-piece at what is :::{{{ pivotb, as will be seen, has here been raised, and the "break,’ next to the magazine-orifice, such so the shoulders c' have for a short distance lever being controlled by a spring land been moved upward, without, however, having vided with an arresting finger or tappet n'pro at come out of contact with their supports c. 65 758,414 its rear end. Somewhere near the center of cordance with this invention the arrangement its length, or rather nearer to its front end, has been so modified that the first movement the said lever has a flange or projecting shield, or operation of the trigger may take place n, lying in the path of a device connected with comparative ease, but so that it becomes the cartridge-feeder, thereby enabling such with more just before the release of the device while the cartridge-feeder is raised as parts difficult which serve to effect percussion-that a result of the magazine being empty to turn is, the freeing of the nibe'—so that what may the arresting-lever around its pivot nº, and be described as a “pressure-point” is pro thereby bring it into its operative position. vided, whereby the marksman is enabled to I. ? In the instance here given the device in ques manipulate the trigger in an absolutely reli tion is a button or knob p", secured to the car manner, or, in other words, precisely to tridge-feeder p and adapted to move on the able determine moment at which percussion outer wall of the magazine and to coöperate should takethe place. To this end there is sus with the shield or flange m'. The under side pended in contact with the trigger-tongue of the breech-block cat its forward end has a 2-that is, over it laterally-a special pres slot or recess d', in which after the last car sure-lever in the form of a double-armed or tridge has been fired the arresting-lever, which lever a? a, one arm of which has been brought into the operative position, bell-crank namely, the upper one, al-extends upward as stated, engages by means of its finger or pro and with its free end rests against the forward 2 ? jection n'. While in this position the said ar end of the sear k, which latter terminates resting-finger or projection engages the rear. in a spring-controlled pin or stud k". The shoulder of the recess d', so that notwithstand lower arma, which is nearly horizontal, en ing the action of the closing-spring the link gages in the recess 2' of a piece 2', project mechanism cannot move into its extended po ing from the tongue 2, which, as usual, is re 25 sition. When the empty magazine is removed, tained in its initial or inoperative position by the breech still continues open, as the more a spring 2'. In the position of rest of the powerful closing-spring fpresses the breech trigger mechanism with the firing-pin cocked, block or its shoulder d'against the arresting but before firing, the extreme outer end of finger n' and retains the same in position the lever-arm a lies in contact with the upper against the action of its spring l. The arrest wall of the recess 2' in question, their point ing-lever m may, however, spring back to its of contact at this stage being marked a' in the 95 inoperative position the moment it has in its drawings. Figs. 6, 7, and 8 and also the di turn been released by a slight retraction of agram 8 illustrate this position of the parts, the link mechanism effected by hand at the and the last-mentioned figure in particular is 35 knee-point c’ from contact with the shoulder an enlarged representation of the manner in DO d' of the breech-block, whereby at the same which at this juncture the shoulder k'acts as an time a clear way will be left for the breech to abutment or support for the nibe' and also of spring back into its forward position under the relative positions of a to k'and of a to 2. the action of the closing-spring. It is this ar Now the moment the pressure upon the trig 40 rangement that secures the advantages re ger commences and its tongue 2 is forced back ferred to in the introductory part of this speci ward the wall of the recess will act upon the Io5 fication. lever-arm a' or its extreme outer point of pres Lastly, in connection with the 'lock' and sure a' and will thereby swing round the le trigger devices the following improvements ver a? a upon its pivota, when the effective 45 have been made: The breech-block c, sliding lengths of the lever-arms a'a' being approxi TIO in the side grooves of the arms of the fork mately equal motion will be transmitted at shaped barrel extension and being engaged the of one to one. These conditions with by the front link c' of the knee-jointed will ratio prevail until eventually as the arm a' is mechanism, receives in its interior the hollow drawn farther downward the wall of the recess firing-pin e, a - nib e' of which laterally pro meets an inner pressure-point a of the arma, II 5 truding through a groove or slot provided in at which moment the pressure-point position the wall of the block is so controlled by a nose above referred to is reached. This interme d', terminating the lever c', that as the breech diate situation of the parts is delineated in block retires the firing-pin is 'cocked.' In the enlarged diagram Fig. 8", by referring to 55 the wall of the left-hand arm of the fork which it will be seen that by this time the wall shaped barrel extension the sear k (shown of the recess has taken up its position upon more particularly at Figs. 7, 10, and 31) is ar both pressure-points a and a' and that the ranged to oscillate upon its pivot k, the shoul sear A, overcoming the resistance of the spring der k of such sear intercepting the nib et as ?? the breech-block advances and retaining the A', acting upon the rear arm k'of the rod, has pressed, with its point k, inward for a I 25 firing-pin thereby in its cocked position until been sufficient distance to cause the shoulder k to the trigger is pressed-that is, until the sear be withdrawn, so that it only slightly overlaps has been so acted upon by the trigger-tongue the outer angle of the nib e. As after this that the shoulder k" has retired and by so do operation of the trigger is continued, the 65 ing has released the firing-pin e. Now in ac the inner point of the pressure a will alone beef I 30 '753,414 fective, so that for the slight movement which Supplemented here by arrangements which emains to be performed to complete the trig enable the marksman himself by a grip of his ger operation, and which it will scarcely take a hand so to secure the said devices that he can moment to accomplish, a far shorter length of not, except consciously, release them. This lever a will come into operation, the ratio of purpose is effected by the double-armed lever pivoted on the handle-piece or butt by the transmission being now one to two. Thus the d, pivot d", the inner arm d" of which lever is last brief trigger movement immediately pre ceding percussion requires a comparatively provided with a laterally-projecting stud d, greater expenditure of power than the initial which, according to its position for the time O longer movement, which may be accomplished being, comes into engagement with a lateral 75 with practically no appreciable effort. The projections from the retaining-arms and so such arm that no matter how firmly position of the parts of the trigger mechanism secures immediately after percussion-that is, after the projection s' is depressed the arresting the pressure - point has been overcome-is effect is maintained and all the parts continue as shown at Fig. 14, until by turning illustrated by the enlarged diagram 8', by in secure, outer lever downward the extension d' specting which it will be seen that the outer the pressure-point at is now relieved from contact rises, disengaging the projections, and there with the wall of the recess 2' in the projection by restoring the freedom of motion of the arm 2' of the tongue 2, contact with the inner pres s, as shown at Fig. 15. To enable the locking 85 2 ? sure-point being alone maintained. By this lever d to be secured in either of the two po time the shoulder A. of the sear has just re sitions assigned to it, its upper arm is made as leased the nib e' of the firing-pine, so that the or controllable by a spring and fitted with an nib e' may now move past the sear A and the inwardly-projecting stud, which engages in . firing-pin e travel forward under the impulse he notches 1 and 2, provided in the sides of The position of the parts the handle-piece or butt. trigger cover-plate q (shown in detail after the firing-pine has thus sprungforward in The Figs. 23, 24, and 25) is provided with ex 25 of its spring e. that is, after firing-is illustrated in Figs. 8", gº and q', the latter being for the han 9, 10, and 11, it being assumed, however, that tensions r“ of the locking-bolt r to work against. the bullet has just left the barrel and that con dleThe cartridge-ejector w (shown in detail in 95 sequently the barrel is only just starting on Fig. 32) is arranged on one side of the bar its backward movement. The arrangement adopted for securing the rel extension B, as shown in Fig. 7, and is provided with projections w’, w*, and w", op trigger against accidental movement and in erating in the usual approved manner. conjunction therewith the locking or arresting of the barrel and other movable parts is best The si artridge-extractor (shown in detail I OO exemplified by Figs. 14 and 15. Here within in Fig. 33) is secured to the front upper part the breech-block c, as shown in Fig. 9, and the handle C at the rear part and mounted of upon the pins' there is provided an arms, one is provided with a projection o' for engaging end of which is formed with a beveled head or with the flange of the cartridge. The end piece e” of the breech-block (shown I o5 40 plates', shaped to engage with the sear, while a projection s' from the arms protrudes rear in detail in Fig. 35) is secured to the breech wardly from the handle C. By reason of the block, as shown in Fig. 6, and is provided a catch e' for locking it in position and beveled heads' taking up a position in the awith pin e' for guiding the springs e, which op IO rearward path of the shoulder of the sear k, erate the firing-pin. 45 and thereby preventing the movement of the The projection c at the joint of the toggle latter, such sear becomes locked, so that neither levers is provided with a hooked catch mem by the operation of the trigger-tongue 2 nor through any accident can the firing-pin be bert, (see Fig. 4, 4", and 8,) which engages come released for firing. At the same time with the projection t' of a catch member t on So that the sear k is thus secured in position the the receiver C when the breech is closed. II 5 barrel and all its accessory parts are arrested, The catch member t” (shown in detail in Fig. is preferably a spring-actuated catch mem the heads' remaining in the path of the de 4°) vices movable concurrently with the barrel. ber, being pivoted to the projection c’ by a The heads' does not relinquish this locked po pin it and provided with a spring it. These H 2 ? 55 sition until after the butt C has been firmly catch members hold the toggle-levers in their grasped, and consequently the projection s' closed position and prevent them from rising pressed forwardly against the resistance of its until the hooked end of the catch membert has been slid rearwardly from under the pro spring; but the moment this has been done all jection tº. the movable parts recover their freedom of A catch u of approved construction is pro I 25 ?? operation. The trigger and other movable vided for holding the magazine in place. parts are in this manner locked as long as the What I claim is projection s' is not pressed toward the butt; but in order that it may even be held in the 1. In a recoil-operated firearm, the combina hand with safety, no matter how carried, the tion, with a rearward-moving barrel and its 65 automatic locking devices have further been extension, of a non-recoiling receiver or cas ing having a depending hollow handle-piece it has been slid rearwardly out of engagement which is open to the said receiver, a breech with it. . ” block, linked levers pivoted to the said breech 6. In a firearm, che combination, with a re block and extension and having a laterally a removable trigger cover-plate ar extended projection at a point intermediate ceiver, ranged at one side of the said receiver, and a of their end pivots, and a spring secured in barrel slidable in the said receiver and pro -the said handle-piece under the said linked vided with a projecting of a bolt levers and operatively connected with one of journaled in the front endshoulder; portion of the said them, said non-recoiling casing having at its receiver and rovided with a projection its side a guide-surface with which the said pro middle part which engages with the atsaid 75 jection engages during the recoil. shoulder on the barrel and also with the side 2. The combination, with a non-recoiling wali of the said receiver, the barrel being receiver or casing having a depending hollow thereby normally prevented from sliding for handle-piece which is open to the said receiver, wardly and the bolt prevented from sliding of a rearward-moving barrel and its extension longitudinally, and an operating-handle at one slidable in the said receiver, a breech-block, end of the said bolt which normally engages linked levers pivoted to the said breech-block with the said cover-piate and prevents it from and extension and having a laterally-extended being from the receiver. rounded stud or projection arranged at their 7. Inremoved a firearm, combination, with a re bending or knee point circumjacent to the ceiver provided withthea handle, and a barrel and pivot-pin connecting such levers, and a spring firing mechanism slidable in the receiver; of a secured in the said handle-piece under the said catch pivoted at one end in the lower part of linked levers and operatively connected with the handle and having a head at its free one of them, said non-recoiling casing having which prevents the firing mechanism fromend be 25 at its side a guide-surface with which the said ing moved rearwardly, said catch having also stud or projection engages during the recoil a projection at its middle part, and a pin piv 9o of the barrel. oted in the said receiver above and behind the 3. In a recoil-operated firearm, the combina said and having an inner arm provided tion, with a non-recoiling receiver, and a barrel with catch 8 stud which engages with the said pro and a barrel extension slidable therein; of a jection and ocks the said catch, said pin hav 95 breech-block, toggle-levers connecting the said ing also an outer arm or operating-lever. extension and breech-block, a catch member 8. In a recoil-operated firearm, the combina on the said receiver, and a catch member car tion, with a non-recoiling receiver, a barrelex ried by the said toggle-levers, said catch mem tension slidable therein, and a magazine pro bers operating to lock the toggle-levers until vided with a spring-pressed cartridge-feeder; one catch member has been slid rearwardly of a breech-block slidable in the said exten I OO out of engagement with the other during the sion, and a catch for engaging the said breech first part of the recoil. when the magazine is empty, said catch 4. In a recoil-opérated firearm, the combina block being to the said receiver on, one side tion, with a non-recoiling receiver having a of the pivoted discharge-opening of the magazine and guide-surface on one side, and a barrel and a being moved into engagement with the said barrel extension slidable in the said receiver; breech-block by the said cartridge-feeder. of a breech-block, toggle-levers connecting 9. In a recoil-operated firearm, the combina the said extension and breech-block and hav 45 ing a lateral projection at their knee-point tion, with a non-recoiling receiver, a barrelex O tension slidable therein, a magazine under the which engages with the said guide-surface said extension, and a cartridge-feeder slidable during the recoil, a catch member on the said in the magazine; of a breech-block slidable receiver, and a catch member carried by the in the said a catch pivoted to the said projection, said catch members operating said receiverextension, and arranged to one side of the to lock the toggle-levers during the first part discharge-opening of the magazine and pro of the recoil and to release them automatically vided with a lateral projection for engaging II5 before the said projection strikes the said with the breech-block, and a tappet on the said . . guide-surface. cartridge-feeder which moves the said catch 5. In a recoil-operated firearm, the combina into engagement with the breech-block when 55 tion, with a non-recoiling receiver, and a barrel the magazine is empty. H 2? and a barrel extension slidable therein; of a 10. In a recoil-operated firearm, the combi breech-block, toggle-levers connecting the nation, with a non-recoiling receiver, a barrel, said extension and breech-block, a catch