Historical Document · 1896
Borchardt's US patent for the C-93, issued 10 November 1896: the moving-barrel toggle-locked action, the closing spring, magazine and lock, with three drawing sheets (closed and open sections).
(No Model.) | H. BORCHARDT. RECOIL. MAGAZINE PISTOL, ÁS 3 Sheets-Sheet 1. (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3, H. BORCHARDT. RECOIL. MAGAZINE PISTOL. No. 571,260, s JJK S UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. IHUGO BORCHARDT, OF BERLIN, GERMIANY. RECOIL MAGAZINE-PISTOL. SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 571,260, dated November 10, 1896. Application filed October 21, 1893, Serial No. 488,759. (No model.) Patented in Germany September 9, 1893, No. 75,837; in Austria-Hungary Septemberll, 1893, No. 49,4ll and No, 81,626; in Switzerland September 16, 1893, No. 7,296 in Bel gium September 18, 1893, No. 106,460 in Norway September 19, l893, No. 3,324 in France September 21, 1893, No, 232,975; in Italy September 25, 1893, No. 285 in Spain September 29, 1893, No, 15,014, and in England October 6, 1893, No, 18,774, To all whom it nuclly COI Cer'I. pressed or distorted, and it executes thereby Be it known that, I, IIUGO BORCHARDT, a so much work that this power is completely citizen of the United States, at present resid balanced, so that the hand holding the arm ing in the city of Berlin, in the Kingdom of feels no shock. While the parts are reaching Prussia, German Empire, have invented cer their extreme backward position, the upper tain new and useful improvements in Recoil most cartridge in the magazine rises in the 55 Magazine Pistols and Firearms, of which the path of and in front of the bolt. After the following is a specification. recoil is exhausted, at which time the parts This invention is the subject-matter of Let are in the extreme backward position, the I. ? ters Patent in England, No. 18,774, dated Oc different springs compressed by the recoil ex tober ti, 1893; in Germany, No. 75,837, dated ert their reacting power in pushing forward ?? September 9, 1893; in France, No. 232,975, the bolt and with it the uppermost cartridge dated September 21, 1893; in Austria-Hun until the latter is driven home into the barrel gary, No. 49,411 and No. 81,626, dated Sep and the breech closed. In this way the recoil tember 11, 1893; in Switzerland, No. 7,296, is used indirectly for closing the breech. The (lated September 16, 1893; in Italy, No. 285, pistol is now again ready to be fired by press 65 dated September 25, 1893; in Spain, No. ing the trigger. 15,014, dated September 29, 1893; in Norway, It is a very remarkable feature of the new No. 3,324, dated September 19, 1893, and in pistol that the butt stands out at about right 2 ? Belgium, No. 1 ()(3,46(), dated September 18, angles to the direction of the barrel at the S$).3. under side of the pistol, whereby the Weapon This invention relates to breech-loading lies much more firmly and more conveniently magazine pistols and firearms, and particu in the user's hand than did the old-fashioned larly to those actuated by the recoil of the arm having a sloping butt. Therefore, as the 25 fired cartridge to reload and cock the pistol hand and arm muscles are not strained un "I. naturally in holding the Weapon, the aiming Ieretofore recoil-operated firearms have is easier and more exact, and this effect is 75 been constructed with a longitudinally-mov sustained by the absence of any shock at the able barrel actuated by the recoil, a breech discharge and by the novel disposition of the bolt, links connecting said breech-bolt and weight of the arm, so that the barrel is coun barrel, means for returning the barrel to po terbalanced by the back portion of the pistol sition after recoil, and mechanism for actuat extending backward above the hand and ing the links to withdraw the breech-bolt and about to the Wrist, more or less, according to open the breech, and for returning the breech the size of the pistol. 35 bolt to normal position. In the accompanying drawings, which show The object of the invention is to provide the preferred adaptation of the invention, Fig various improvements in such arms and to ure 1 is a fragmentary elevation of the leftside provide a repeating pistol, furnished with a of a pistol. Fig. 2 is a front elevation there magazine containing a number of cartridges of. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary plan view and inclosed in the butt, which by the recoil thereof. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary horizontal of the fired cartridge opens the breech, ex axial section thereof, the barrel being in plan. tracts and ejects the empty shell, cocks the Fig. 4 is a fragmentary vertical axial section firing-pin, shoves the cartridge which has as thereof. Fig. 5 is a fragmentary side ele cended from the magazine into the barrel, vation thereof corresponding to Fig. 1, but 45 and closes the barrel, so that the arm is ready showing some of its parts broken out and in to be fired again. The recoil of the arm is section. Fig. 5* is a cross-section of the butt 95 used directly for opening the breech against on the line 5' 5", Fig. 5. Fig. 6 is a fragmen the momentum of the parts and against the tary vertical axial section of the arm, the parts force of different springs, which are com being shown in the open position. Fig. 7 is Ol' 2 571,260 a fragmentary vertical cross-section cut on the being formed on its left side With a project line 7, 7 of Fig. 5, the parts being in the closed ing arm or finger f', Fig. 6, which enters in position. Fig. 8 is a plan view of the maga front of a stop d", formed on the firing-pin cl, 7 O zine removed. Fig. 9 is a fragmentary side which works within the bolt. The bolt moves 5 elevation thereof. Fig. 10 is a fragmentary between the slides h of the barrel, being front elevation thereof. Fig. 11 is a vertical guided by two side ribs c', formed on its op longitudinal section thereof; and Fig. 12 is a posite sides and working in grooves in the top and face view of the magazine-lock and its slides h, Fig. 7. The left-hand one of these 75 spring, the magazine being shown in dotted ribs c' is also grooved longitudinally to make room for the nose of the seal i, as shown in Io lines. Referring to the drawings, I will now de Fig. 3, so that the sear strikes and holds the scribe the preferred embodiment of my inven stop d" of the advancing bolt, whereby the fir tion, in which the pistol consists of four main ing-pin disarrested and cocked. This firing parts, namely, the butt k, constituting the pin is cylindrical with the exception of the stop I 5 handle of the arum and forming with the cas d", and being hollow is actuated by a spring (l ing inclosing the lock mechanism and herein within it, the back end of which bears against after called the “frame' a one piece, and the a screw-plug d8 in the rear end of the bore in trigger-guard; the barrell, guided by its rear the bolt. The front end of the bolt is recessed wardly - projecting slides h, which are rigid so as to receive the base of the cartridge, and 20 separated extensions of the barrel, movably is furnished at its top with a spring claw or engaging with the frame a the bolt c with extractori and at its bottom with a slot or re the firing-pin (l, and the toggle-jointiff', and cess into which the end of the cartridge-ejec springs and other details belonging to it; and tor Z may enter when the bolt in its rearward the trigger arrangement, cartridge-magazine, movement reaches its extreme back Ward po 25 safety device, and other details, are provided Sition. besides. The frame a is closed at its rear end by a The ammunition used is in the form of the thrust-piece a' with the exception of the open usual metallic shell - cartridges with caps in ings necessary for the springs n and O, the 95 the bottom. These cartridges are placed in a shape of the front wall of the thrust-piece (t' 3o separable sheet - metal magazine m, which is being that of a cam, preferably concavely slipped into the butt k, and the cartridges are curved, as shown in Figs. 3 and 6. The screw pressed up by a spring nu' into a position in p, which passes through two ears of the frame front of the retracted breech-bolt c as soon as a, serves not only to keep the protecting-cap OO the latter has reached its extreme rearward p' in its place between the walls of the frame 35 position, as shown in Fig. 6. After the car ci, but also constitutes a fulcrum for the Spling tridge has been pushed forward and driven 7. The shorter arm of the spring beal's home into the barrel b by the forward sliding against the framea, as shown in Fig. 6, while movement of the breech-bolt, and after the its longer arm sweeps around in a bow and breech is closed by the breech-bolt, the car at its free end engages a link ', which is 4o tridge is exploded by the Springing forward pivoted to the rear toggle-link f' and swings of the firing-pin ?l upon pulling the trigger. freely in a socket in the latter. The Spring The recoil created by the explosion forces the o, called the buffer-spring,’ is secured by a IO barrel b, together with its slides h, bearing pin o' within the lower rear part of the frame the movable parts of the lock, to slide back a, and its front portion is bent upward and is 45 wardly in the grooves of the frame a. At the forked to allow the spring n. to enter the gap rear ends of the slides h is pivoted a spindle thus formed. h', on which turns the rear link f" of the tog Upon the discharge of the pistol the barrel gle-joint which works between the slides h, b and its slides h, and pin h" are thrown back, II 5 the projecting ends of the pivotal spindle h" as already stated, until the friction-rollers f' 5o being guided in two horizontal slots h; in the (see Fig. 4) of the toggle-link.f. strike the walls of the frame, (shown in dotted lines in thrust-piece (t', and by reason of its rounded IFig. 1,) whereby the rearward motion of the or cam shape are forced downward, thereby barrell) is limited. The slots are covered on bending the toggle-joint, throwing its central I 2 ? the Outer sides of the case by plates h’, which portion upward, and pulling back the bolt c 55 protect the spindle against lateral displace relatively to the barrel until this bolt has ment. slid back to the position shown in Fig 6, which The rear portion of the link f' is widened shows the termination of the retractile move to fit between the walls of the frame Ct and ments of the parts. During this movement I 25 is furnished with one or more friction-rollers the empty shell is drawn back by the clawi, 6 of, Fig. 4. The front end of the link f' is and, its lower side striking the ejector l after widened to form finger-handles gg, extending its front end emerges from the barrel, it is to opposite sides beyond the slides h to en thrown upward and ejected from the breech. able the breech to be opened by hand. The The backward movements caused by the re link fisjointed between these handles to the coil are opposed by the tension of the firing lear end of the front link.fof the toggle-joint, pin spring cland the spring in, which springs and the opposite end of this front link is so ease the backward movement that the jointed to the top side of the bolt c, the link buffer-spring O, by which this movement is 571,260 3 finally checked and stopped by its engage cess in', Fig. 10, in the upper end of the rib ment with the friction-rollers f', is subjected formed by the junction of the sheet-metal to but little strain. By reason of this close walls of the magazine. Torelease the maga balancing of forces this new pistol impartslit zine, the head of the snap r, projecting at the tle or no shock to the hand of the person firing left side of the frame, is pressed in, thereby it. When the recoil of the discharge and the disengaging it from the magazine, whereupon momentum of the parts have been exhausted, the latter may be drawn down by means of the stored - up energy in the compressed the side knobs m, so that it may be refilled 75 springs comes into play. The spring in pulls or replaced by another full magazine. The I. ? the toggle-jointf f down and straightensit cartridges are held in the magazine against . out, being assisted at first by the springo. The the upward pressure of the spring m” by in bolt c on being thus driven forward pushes wardly-turned lips m" of the opposite maga before it the next cartridge which has been zine-Walls partially overlapping the rear por pushed up from the magazine into the breech tion of the uppermost cartridge, as shown in and rams this cartridge home into the barrel, Figs. 8, 9, and 10. The rear of the magazine and during the forward movement of the is cut out at its top, so that the advancing bolt the firing-pin cladvances with it until its bolt c is enabled to push the cartridge along stop d' comes in contact with the seari, which between the lips mand forward into the bar stops it, holding it cocked, as in Fig. 3. These rel b. The Snap ris actuated by a flat spring 2 ? motions occur so quickly that the eye cannot r", Fig. 12, which bears also under the safety follow them, and the finger, which in firing slide it for steadying its motion. This safety the arm has pulled the trigger q, has ordi slide is guided by a corresponding groove narily no time to release it. In order, there milled in the left-hand Outer side of the fore, that the stop (l' shall find the sear i frame Ct. 25 already pressed in so that it stands in its To enable the pistol to be fired, the safety path to arrest it and cock the firing-pin, (with slide must be drawn down until its top edge out which the pistol upon being reloaded is flush with that of the frame a, the slide would immediately fire itself without control being then entirely below the sear i but 95 of the operator,) the sear i is provided at its When it is desired to lock the pistol so that front end with a small pin i', seated against it cannot be fired the safety-slide is slid up a coiled spring and adapted to be pressed Ward, so that its upper part projects across back into the bore-hole in the lever against the rear arm of the Sear behind a projection this spring. The sear being pivoted to the thereon, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, so that ? ? ? left-hand slide it moves backward and for the sear-nose is held from moving outward 35 Ward with it, and in its forward movement if to release the firing-pin, and the barrel b the trigger be still pressed by the finger the with its slides h is made immovable. At the pin i strikes squarely against the trigger-arm same time the trigger q is fixed in position, (f' and is pressed backinto its socket thereby, since the trigger-arm q lies across the now remaining there until the release of the trig immovable pini'. The safety-slide u is con ger, whereupon the arm q' moves out of the veniently operated by the thumb of the right Way of the pin and the latter springs out into hand, which holds the pistol by the butt k. So its proper position, where it lies against the also is the Snap r. The sight v is mounted beveled upper end of the trigger-arm. upon the top of the thrust-piece a' of the IIO The trigger-arm is placed on the left side frame a, and the front sight v' is mounted 45 of the frame a in front of the butt k, and upon the barrel near the muzzle, so that the Works in and is guided by an arc-shaped aim is made very accurate. groove in the frame a, being retained therein I do not claim as my invention, broadly, a by a cover. The arm q' is preferably made firearm havinga longitudinally-movable bar II 5 in one piece with the trigger q and counter rel actuated by the recoil, a breech-bolt, trigger (f, which as usual is pressed forward links connecting said breech-bolt and barrel, by a spring. Because of the one-sided posi means for returning the barrel to position tion of the arm q the triggers and trigger after recoil, and mechanism for actuating the guard have been placed to one side, although links to withdraw the breech-bolt and open I2 ? these parts might be arranged in the middle. the breech and for returning the breech-bolt 55 The rear arm of the sear i is pressed inward to normal position, as such firearmis, broadly, by the spring i. old prior to my invention; but what I do claim Fig. 5 shows the pistol ready to be fired. is those features of improvement in firearms On pulling the trigger the beveled upper end of this general character or of any analogous of the trigger-arm ('slides across the pin it or recoil-operating character which are here ?? and presses this end of the sear inwardly, inafter set forth in the claims constituting thereby swinging out the sear-nose and re part of this specification. leasing the stop d" of the firing-pin, so that I claim as my invention the following-de the pin is released and fires the cartridge. fined novel features, substantially as herein The cartridge-magazine m is shoved up before specified, namely: from below into the hollow butt, k, and is kept 1. An automatic repeating firearm, com in place by a spring-snap r, (shown detached prising, a frame provided with a grip at its in Fig. 12.) catching into a corresponding re front part and a curved thrust-piece at its k 571,360 lear end, an automatically - operating car roller toward the end of said movement, and tridge-magazine arranged in the said grip arrests the moving palts. 6. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combina 7 ? under the breech, and a trigger mechanism, a sear, and an empty-shell ejector, all carried tion with the supporting-frame and sliding by the said frame; in combination with a barrel, breech-bolt and firing-pin, the latter barrel provided with slides, a breech-bolt having a stop d', of a toggle-joint ff con slidable in the said slides, a firing-pin slid nected to the barrel and frame to be doubled able in the said breech-bolt, and a toggle up by the recoil movement, with its front 75 joint pivoted to the said bleech-bolt and to link fjointed to the bolt to draw it back dur I. ? the said slides and adapted to strike the said ing said movement and formed with an arm thrust-piece thereby opening the breech, the fengaging said stop d" for cocking the firing said slides together with all the said elements pin during the same movement, the Sear carried by them being slidable in the said engaging said stop to hold the firing-pin frame; and a spring connected to the toggle cocked during the forward or reloading move joint and to the frame and operating to push ment, and a trigger q in mechanical connec forward the said slides and all the elements tion with said sear. carried by them together with a cartridge 7. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combi after the said parts have been forced rear nation with a supporting-frame, the sliding wardly by the recoil on firing a cartridge and barrel, the breech-bolt and the firing-pin, 2 ? the empty shell has been ejected, substan the latter having a stop d", of mechanism acting during the recoil movement to draw tially as set forth. 2. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combina back the breech-bolt and open the breech and tion with the supporting-frame having slide to draw back the firing-pin within the breech ways, of the sliding barrel having slides work bolt, a sear i connected to the barrel so as to 25 ing in said ways, the sliding bolt, the toggle slide there with and engaging said stop d' to jointiff', having its rear link pivoted to said hold the firing-pin cocked, and a trigger q slides and its front link connected to said mounted on the stationary frame and having bolt, and the calm-faced thrust-piece a fixed a mechanical connection. With said Sear when 95 in the frame and engaged by the rear toggle the pistol is loaded and ready for firing. link during the recoil to double up the toggle 8. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combina tion with the supporting-frame, the sliding and open the breech. 3. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combina barrel, the breech-bolt and the firing-pin, the tion with the supporting-framed having slide latter having a stop d', of mechanism acting CO ways, of the sliding barrel b having slides during the recoil movement to draw back the 35 I h, working in said Ways, the sliding bolt c, breech-bolt and to draw back the firing-pin the toggle-jointf f with its front link jointed within the breech-bolt, a sea i connected to to the bolt and its rear link pivoted on a the barrel and engaging said stop d' to hold transverse spindle ll", the said spindle con the firing-pin cocked, a trigger q mounted on Io5 nected to said slides h, and sliding in slots h the stationary frame and having a trigger in the lock-case, and the cann-faced thrust arm q formed with an inclined face, and a piece (t' engaged by the rear toggle-link to Spring-pin mounted in the Seal and engaged double up the toggle during the recoil move by said inclined face on the trigger-arm when IO the pistol is loaded and ready for firing. ment. 9. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combina 4. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combina 45 tion with the supporting-frame and sliding tion with the supporting-frame and the slid barrel and breech-bolt, of a toggle-joint ff" ing barrel, breech-bolt and firing-pin and the one link of which is jointed to the breech reloading mechanism operated by the recoil, bolt and the other link tulins on an axis and of a sear for engaging the firing-pin and hold II 5 is connected to the barrel and frame so as to ing it cocked, connected to said barrel and receive the recoil of the barrel, and a spring movable there with during the recoil move seated in said frame and connected to the ment, and a trigger q having a trigger-arm toggle-joint to be compressed by the doubling q' pivotally mounted on the stationary frame up of the latter during the recoil and exert and arranged in position to engage the Sear I2 ? ing its tension against the toggle-joint for When the pistol is loaded. 10. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combi 55 straightening the latter and thereby restoring nation with the supporting-frame and the the barrel and closing the breech. 5. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combina sliding barrel, breech-bolt and firing-pin, the tion with the supporting-frame and sliding reloading mechanism operated by the recoil, I 25 barrel and breech-bolt, of a toggle-joint ff* and the sear i for holding the firing-pin ?? the front link of which is jointed to the cocked, of a safety-slide at mounted on the breech-bolt and the rear link turns on a spin side of the frame and movable into or out of dle connected to the barrel and has a rear engagement with said sear and adapted when ward arm bearing a roller, a cam-shaped in engagement there with to block its releas thrust-piece a fixed in the lock-case and ing movement. which is engaged by said roller to double up 11. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combi the toggle-joint upon the recoil movement, nation. With the supporting-frame and the and a buffer - spring O which engages said sliding barrel having slides sliding in said 571,260 5 frame, the breech-bolt, firing-pin and reload barrel, and a frame movably carrying said ing mechanism operated by the recoil, and barrel, in combination with a link pivoted to the sear for holding the firing-pin cocked, of said bolt at One end, a second link connected a safety-slide at mounted on the side of the at one end to and operating said first link, frame and movable into or out of engagement fulcrumed to said barrel and projecting at its with a shoulder on said barrel-slide and with other end beyond said fulcrum and operated 2 ? said sear, whereby when moved into engage by its projecting end to move said bolt. ment with said parts it renders the trigger In witness whereof I have hereunto signed level and barrel as well as their connected my name in the presence of two subscribing ? ? parts, immovable. witnesses. 12. In recoil-operated firearms, a longitu HUGO BORCHARDT. dinally-movable barrel actuated by the re Witnesses: coil, means for returning said barrel to posi W. H. EDWARDs, W. HAUPT. tion, a bolt movable toward and from said