Historical Document · 1937
Edward Stecke's automatic-firearm patent, filed 30 June 1934 and issued 10 August 1937. The HK PSG1 dive cites it in the prehistory of the roller-delayed action.
Aug. 1.0, 1937. E. sTEcKE 2,089,671 ' AUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed June 30, 1934 Jé R 2,089,671 . Patented Aug. 10, A 1937 * UNITED STATES PATENT orFicE 2,089,671 AUTOMATIC FIREABM Edward stecke, Warsaw, Poland Application Juneau; 1934, seranV No. 133,233 In Poland July 8, 1933 The present invention relates to >automa-tic ilrearms, for instance, machine guns and has i'or its object to provide an automatic gun having a stationary barrel, no gas chamber, and a 5 breech block which is locked during the ñring. Automatic ilrearms are known in which the gas pressure in the gun barrel is utilized for ac tuating the breech block. Such guns have the disadvantage that it is necessary to lubricate the 10 cartridge cases as experience shows that the frictional resistance of a non-lubricated cartridge case relatively to the barrel chamber at the fmoment of maximum pressure in the chamber, ’ is greater than the pressure on the bottom o! 15 the cartridge. An automatic gun according to the present invention is free from this draw back and there is no need to lubricate the car tridge cases. _According to the invention a slidable member 20 is provided and connected with the breech block in such a manner that a very small return rear /ward movement oi the locked breech block pro duces a comparatively considerable displacement of the said movable member.` The kinetic en F»25 ergy of the movable member is transmitted at the end of the stroke of this member to the ì breech block. The breech block is then further moved rearwardly with very considerable force. Atpthe same time the cartridge case is reliably 30 pulled out of the barrel chamber, even though the cartridge is not lubricated. 'In this man - ner it will thus be seen that the breech block mechanism is not operated by the pressure oi p the gases remaining in the barrel after the firing, ’ 35 but is actuated by utilizing 'the pressure which exists in the barrel chamber before the bullet leaves the barrel. ì In order to obtain a considerable displacement oi the movable member during a. first short rear 40 ward movement of the breech block, the breech block is, according to the invention, provided with a suitable mechanism which preferably con sists of two slidable and turnable two-armed locking levers. In the position of rest of the 45 breech block, that is to say, the position occu pied before firing, the outer arms of the locking levers bear against inclined walls of suitable recesses provided in the gun chamber, whilst the inner arms rest upon the member slidable in the 50 breech block. Within an extension of the breech block there may also be provided a further set of two-armed levers, the outer arms of which are adapted to bear against recessed portions of the gun cham 55 ber, whilst the inner arms lie within the path of the member slidable in the breech block. vBy this means it is possible to obtain a very power ful and considerable rearward movement of the breech block and simultaneous withdrawal of the cartridge case from the bullet chamber. This 5 is attained by the movable slide member within the breech block striking against the inner arms o! the second set of levers. At the same time,~ that is at'the commencement of the second part of the movement of the breech block caused by 10 the impact of the sliding member, as the ñrst set of levers, that is the locking levers, is released -so as to entirely unlock the Ybreech block. The locking levers slide' during this release move ment into the breech block under `the action oi inclined walls provided in corresponding recesses in the >gun chamber. ^ i The accompanying drawing shows by way of example one construction embodying the fea tures of the invention. 20 Fig. l is a sectional elevation through the breech block and the adjacent parts of an auto matic gun, Fig. 2 is a longit dinal section partly in plan showing the parts in the position they assume 25 before the iirin'g, l Fig. 3îis a longitudinal section showing the parts in the position they assume after the tiring. Fig. 1 is drawn to a slightly smaller scale than ~ Figs. Zand 3. Y 30 Within the gun chamber I5 is slidably mount ed a breech block 4I provided with a known de vice 1 for withdrawing the cartridge case i'rom the barrel chamber. Within the breech block I is slidably mounted a member 3. The breech 35 block I is locked in the ilring position by means of two two-armed levers 2, the outer arms of' which bear against inclined walls 8 of recesses formed in the gun chamber I5, whilst the inner arms of the levers bear upon the plane face IB of 40 the slidable member 3. The latter member has a cylindrical supporting part I1 and is moved Ior ward and against the levers 2 by a spring 4. l At the, moment of firing, the breech. block moves backwards. At the same time thelocki‘ng 45 levers 2 turn owing to the pressure exerted upon them by the walls 8, about points Li'representiní> at moment the fulcrï’l‘l/ràty/{he trike thethat walls of the cylindrical p I‘I oflevers the s iding member 3 limiting their t , ing movement. Dur- 50 ing this turning movement of the locking levers, which is very rapid, the inner arms of the lock ing levers act upon the plane face I6 of the movable slide member 3 and throw the slide backwards with considerable velocity. 55 2,089,671 This backward movement of the- slide 3 com pletely releases the locking levers 2 as shown in Fig. 2. ) provided with an extractor; two symmetrical double-armed locking levers mounted in said The locking levers then slide along breech block turnably and slidably and having inclined walls 8 of the gun chamber I5 and enter into suitable recesses within the breech block, outer arms engaging recesses in said casing; a touching in this position. the point 9 of the striker pin, and entirely releasing the breech block I. said member having a cylindrical supporting part limiting the inward sliding movement of the locking levers and also having a plane face, which member slidably mounted in said breech block, Simultaneously with the release of the breech block I,.the movable slide member 3 is thrown bears against the inner arms of said locking 0 against the innerarms of the two-armed leversA levers; and projections carried by said breech 10 5 pivotally mounted at lil in the breech block and block to receive the impact Vof the sliding mem having the outer arms extending into recesses 6 ber, whereby during a short initial rearward of the gun chamber. Owing to the impact of the movement of the breech block the locking levers movable slide member 3 against the levers 5, the ' are caused to throw backwards the sliding mem 5 kinetic energy of the slide member is transmitted ber within the breech block‘, whereupon the 15 to the block and a very powerful rearward move breech block is further thrown back by the im ment of the block is produced. The high ratio pact of the sliding memberLsubstantialiy as de transmission of the levers E produces a powerful ' scribedl Y rearward movement oi' thebreech block I, where-V 0 ?by the cartridge case is loosened by an extractor 3. In an automatic gun the combination of : aY casing; a cartridge chamber in said casing; a 20 breech block chamber in said casing; a breech 'l `in the bullet chamber I3, this being an essen tial condition for faultless operation of the gun. block slidably mounted in said breech block This powerful movement of the breech block chamber and provided with a cartridge extractor; renders it unnecessary to lubricate the cartridge- ~ a member slidably mounted within said breech 5 V4cases. l block and having a plane face and a cylindrical The slide member 3 may be manually operated supporting part; two symmetrical double-armed by means of a grip I ê. locking levers slidably and turnably mounted in said breech block and having outer arms engag 1. In an automatic gun the combination of: a ing the inclined walls of recesses in said casing in casing; a cartridge chamber in said casing; a the locked position of the breech block, the inner breech block chamber in said casing; a breech arms of said double-armed locking levers being block slidable in said breech block chamber and prevented' from sliding inwardly by the cylin provided with an extractor; a member slidable in' drical supporting part of said sliding member and ' said breech block; two symmetrical locking levers bearing in the locked position of the breech block 5 carried by said breech block and mounted therein against the- plane face of the sliding member; turnably and slidably relatively to the breech double-armed levers pivotally mounted at the end block, said locking levers having outer arms and of the breech block; recesses in the casing, into said casing having- inclined walls cooperating which extend the shorter arms of saidvdouble with said outer arms, said locking levers having ,0 inner arms and said slidable member having `a plane face and a cylindrical supporting part oper-l able by said inner arms, whereby during a short initial rearward movement of the breech block, said locking levers are turned by said inclined walls and are caused after the contact with the cylindrical part to throw said sliding member armed levers; the longer inner arms of said double-armed levers projecting inwardly into the path of the sliding member; spring means tend transmitting the kinetic energyv of the thrown ing to move the breech block into its forward position; whereby during a short initial rear ward movement of the breech block after ñring, the two locking arms are caused to turn under the action of the inclined surfaces within the casing, so -as to throw backwards the sliding mem ber within the breech block, whereupon the back sliding member to the breech block for the purpose of causing a further backward movement of the breech block, substantially as described. `the rear side of said double-armed levers pro 50 duces a powerful further rearward movement of backwards with their inner arms; and means for 2. vIn an automatic gun the combination of: a casing; a cartridge chamber in said casing; a breech block chamber in 'said casing; a breech block slidable in said breech block chamber and thrown back sliding member impacting against the breech block and entirely releases the locking levers, substantially as described. EDWARD STECKE.