Historical Document · 1920
John D. Pedersen's firearm patent, filed 7 June 1917 and issued 12 October 1920, one of the four patents behind the Pedersen Device. Cited by the Pedersen Device dive.
J, D, PEDERSEN, FREARM, 1,355,419. ’APPLICATION FILED JUNE 7, 1917, t, 12, 1920. Zzeezz?? e/2/2/2 /2. Zezersez UNITED STATES PATENT office. JOHN D. PEDERSEN, OF JACKSON, wYoMING. FIBEARMI. 1,355,419. V Specification of Letters Patent, Patented oet. 12, 1920. Application filed June 7, 1917. Serial No. 173,325. To all whom it may concern: of the auxiliary mechanisms, or arms, Be it known that I, JoHN D. PEDERSEN, iseachayailable for use as a pistol, and inde a citizen of the United States, residing in of thework. primary arm, especially Jackson, in the county of Lincoln and State ??? or short-range of Wyoming, have invented certain new and When two of the auxiliary arms of differ 60 useful Improvements in Firearms, of which ent sizes are to be used one at a time on the the following is a specification. Same primary, arm, the required difference This invention relates to breechloading in the size of the auxiliary arms may be and more especially to such fire, 10 firearms, arms of the auto-loading class. 9btained simply by making one of them 65 longer the other, and then arranging A principal object of my present improve the boltthan thereof to have a suitably length. ments is to provide breechloading firearms ened stroke. Thus two auxiliary arms in which the bolt-mechanism and the operat nay use cartridges the which are of the same ing devices incidental thereto, shall be ar 5 ranged and assembled as an auxiliary mech diameter, but of different lengths, respec 70 tively; in each case, however, the projec anism that is separate from the main stock tiles should be of a diameter suitable for and barrel, so that each said mechanism may the barrel particularSimilarly, primary pro arm constitute one of a series of similar auxiliary whigh is toofbetheempl?yed. arms adapted to be readily and quickly ex jectiles of one length and diameter may be 75 20 changed one för. another. in cartridge shells of different lengths, A further object is to furnish an improved used and having, respectively, different quanti breechloading bolt-gun, of th? class indi ties of powder, thereby providing for the cated, in which the exchangeable auxiliary widely varying requirements of short-range arm not only may be operated as an auto 25 loading firearm, but also may be made in a and long-range shooting. Also, ás already 80 well-known, a difference of powder charge series of sizes, (especially as to length and may be provided for by making the “pow range of projectile) so that with a single der-case” portion of the cartridge shell of stock and barrel-designated as the “pri a proportionate this may require, mary' arm-of a given size, several sizes however, in somediameter; instances, that two of the 85 of the auxiliary arm may be used one at a auxiliary arms shall have their respective time. Thus, a soldier or hunter may be mechanisms fitted with breech-bolts of dif provided with a single primary arm, and ferent diameters. In this connection, it with two auxiliary arms, adapted respec should be noted that in this system of or tively for using ammunition suitable for ganizing the complete firearm, a series of 90 35 different ranges. h auxiliary arms which are of different Since the relatively heavy stock and bar the sizes, lengths and proportions, and which rel-when of usual “military' construction thus use of various sizes and and properly combined-constitute a simple power, maycartridges all be used exchangeably, or one and substantial “primary' arm which has a at a time, on one “primary arm’ as a base 95 40 minimum liability to injury, and since the member therefof; and, also, be so used light - weight and auto-loading auxiliary successively on primary armsmay having mechanism with its small and highly or tively different lengths and weights ofrespec ganized details is much more liable to acci and barrels. Thus, for instance, withstocks two from both external and internal causes, primary arms and three auxiliary arms 45 dent therefore, by means of my present improve each of a different "size'-a complete fire 100 ments, it becomes practicable to provide a arm may be made up by selection and as soldier (without overburdening him) with semblage in six different ways. two, or even three, of the auxiliary mecha In the accompanying drawings forming 50 nisms for use in connection with- one pri a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a 105 mary arm, so that in the event that one of side view of a firearm of the shoulder arm said mechanisms becomes disabled another class made in accordance with my present may be instantly substituted therefor and invention; in this view, for convenience of thereby maintain in service a completely illustration, the rearward and forwardº por operable firearm having a full-sized stock tions of the stock, S, also the forward part 10 55 and the long barrel now deemed to be nec of the long naain barrel, B, are omitted. essary for military rifles. Furthermore, Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal vertical sec 1855,419 tion through the mechanism illustrated in provided with the usual sights (not herein Fig. 1, including the entire length of the shown), and the main barrel, B, may be removable, or auxiliary firearm mechanism; held assembled on the fore-stock by the cus in this view the bolt-mechanism and the sev tomary releasable fastenings (not shown) eral operative details appurtenant thereto, which, being common, do not require par 70 ticular description here. In order, however, are shown in the firing position thereof. Secure a riigid support and connection of Fig. 3 is a sectional view through the aux to iliary mechanism (this being shown re the rearward end of the barrel B with the moved from the primary arm) and corre stock, (Fig. 2), I have shown the barrel-end 0 sponds with that portion of Fig. 1, with the b' threaded into the forward end c of said 75 exception that the bolt is shown fully re stock-member, so that by turning it, the tracted and that the trigger-and-sear de barrel may be adjusted longitudinally on the vices are disconnected as normally occurs stock and relative to the auxiliary arm. The barrel may be clamped in place by a set immediately after the arm is fired. 5 Fig. 3 is a view similar to a portion of screw, as b°, an ordinary soft-metal shoe, as 80 Fig. 3, for showing a further stage in the b', being preferably provided for directly cycle of action of the trigger and sear de bearing against the barrel. The seat-plate W"lCeS. C may be held in place by ordinary screws Fig. 4 is an end elevation of the frame or fastenings, as for instance, the screws c' 85 20 of the auxiliary mechanism as seen from the and c'. right-hand in Fig. 3. The primary arm in addition to having Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view the main barrel, also constitutes a primary frame (as well as a heavy base-member) for in line X, Fig. 4. Fig. 5 is a cross section in line X of the complete firearm, (Fig. 1); similarly, 90 25 Fig. 1; and, the frame F constitutes a complete frame Fig. 6 is a cross section in line X of work for the secondary arm. At the for Fi ward end thereof the frame F is provided Similar reference characters designate like with a short barrel, 6°, which is preferably formed integral with the frame, (Figs. 2, 3). parts in all the views. 30 For the purposes of this application the This short barrel has formed therein the 95 “primary arm' may be said to consist of a cartridge chamber 6', and at its forward end main barrel, as B, a stock, as S, and some is preferably shaped to engage (by some suitable means for so connecting these mem suitable interlocking arrangement) with the bers that they may serve as one element of main barrel B. For this purpose, barrel 6 35 a firearm which will be completed by instal may have a tenon-like forward end, as 6". 00 ling on the connected stock and barrel, an which is preferably slightly conical as auxiliary arm comprising a complete mech shown, and which is fitted to enter and fit anism for placing and firing the cartridges, closely in a socket-like space formed in the and for extracting and ejecting the shells. rearward end of barrel B-as clearly indi 105 40 Accordingly, it will be convenient in prac cated in Fig. 2-whereby the two barrels, tice to provide the usual wooden stock of B and 6', are united at a point forward of the primary arm with an adjunctive mem said cartridge chamber, into one continuous ber, in the nature of a reinforcement, such gun-barrel. Said barrels are shown in the for instance, as C, which,--as shown in the drawings as if made without rifling, but it 45 ... drawing may have the general form of an is obvious that in practice, they may be pro 10 extended bed piece, or base-plate, while vided with such rifling as may be deemed serving in part as a means for connecting suitable for the projectiles to be used there the barrel B and stock S. Thus the mem in; in some instances, the bore, 6°, of the ber C may constitute wholly or in part a auxiliary barrel 6 may be a smooth bore 50 mechanism-seat which is located on or above (Fig. 3), while the rifling (not shown), is 15 the stock and rearward of the barrel, and is formed only in the main barrel B. adapted for receiving thereon the frame, as In the drawings, the frame F is shown F, of a firearm mechanism that is provided made in a preferred form thereof, compris with a short barrel, as 6, forming a rear ing - the bolt - casing Fºr and-depending 20 55 ward extension of said main barrel. In therefrom--a casing, as F, within which the present instance, the secondary frame, F, the trigger-sear devices (or “fire-control' is shown having assembled therein the re mechanism) are assembled. The frame is ciprocatable boi, G, and the other opera shown having formed therein a mortise, 10, tive details of a firearm which for the pur suitably shaped and proportioned for re 25 60 poses of this description is designated as an ceiving said trigger-sear casing F. This auxiliary firearm, or firearm mechanism; mortise should be made long enough for per this auxiliary firearm is preferably-as mitting the frame F to be retracted on the herein illustrated-in and by itself, a com primary arm to disengage the tenon 6 from pletely operable “auto-loading' firearm. the barrel B; this movement (not shown) 65 In practice, the primary arm should be will permit said frame F to be removed by 30 f r. w * 4. 1855,419 lifting it directly upward, thereby with ward movement of the bolt, the cartridge drawing said casing F out of the mortise. will be pushed forward-or “placed,'-into These operations are performed, of course, the firing Fig. 2. The maga in a reverse manner when applying the zine, N, isposition-see only partially shown, since the auxiliary arm to the primary arm. For proper detail and arrangement will 70 protecting the trigger, 4, said casing F may be evident; it may be made of thereof sheet metal be extended downwardly and shaped into removably held in place by means of a trigger-guard, as 6', located below the and ribs, as 14, 14, fitting ingrooves, as 15, 15", stock, S. . . . formed in the projections 6', 6' of the 0 On account of the considerable length of frame F. 75 the frame F, the rearward end thereof (at rearward end of said chamber 6 may the left-hand in Fig. 3), may in practice be beThe closed byr a cap, as H, removably-fixed lifted a slight distance (not shown) prior to the frame F by a screw-thread, as 6, or to said retraction thereof, so that a stop 5 face, or abutment, as k, may be formed on in other convenient manner. The cap H, supports the abutment-rod 8, and also 80 the frame for engaging forward of an abut serves as a stop for limiting the rearward ment-face, as c, of the aforesaid seat-plate movement 3) of the bolt G. Similarly C, (Fig. 2), for thereby resisting a rear the forward(Fig. end, 85, of said rod 8 serves to ward movement of the frame F on the stock 20 by means of a direct engagement of these stop the retraction of the firing-pin f before bolt G is fully retracted, so that the 85 members. However, it should be under the point, of this pin will operate as an stood that said abutment face, k, of the ejector,f,as clearly indicated in Fig. 4. For frame F may, if desired, be omitted in some retracting the shell, as c, from the barrel instances. 6, the bolt G may with an 25 For releasably holding the auxiliary arm ordinary extractor asbe h,provided operating in a 90 in place on the primary arm, any suitable well-known manner. and well-known kind of disconnectible hold power-spring 7, acts against a face, ing device may be employed, but prefer at The f, on the bolt 6, and thus operates on for such purpose, a transversely-disposed 30 bolt or locking-pin, as f, (Fig. 5), provided the full retraction of the bolt to immedi drive the bolt forward and so load the 95 with suitable means-as lever arm f".- ately arm. this loading stroke of the bolt, whereby this pin may be removed and re the searDuring notch, face, as f, of the firing placed by hand, whenever occasion may re pin fengages theorseard on the face 3 there quire. Said pin f is shown extending 35 through the side walls, 3,3', of said cas of, and thus the firing pin is held in the position thereof, Fig. 2. Said pin f 00 ing F’, and through the solidly-formed por firing is preferably tubular form, as illustrated, tion 38 of the frame F, thereby forming and may be offorwardly actuated by the a strong and firm connection between the spring 7 which is shown supported against members F and C. A thread on the pin f a shoulder, as 85 on said abutment-rod 8. engages in the threaded hole at 3, Fig. 5, To provide in a convenient manner for the in said casing wall 3', whereby to reliably desired coaction of the pin f directly with 105 hold the pin in place. When thus fitted, the seard, a slot, g’, is formed in the tubu said pin-arm f" constitutes a crank arm lar portion of the bolt G, and the sear whereby said pin may be screwed into and engaging face f is formed on the forward out of place-all in an evident manner. side of the projection f of the firing pin; 0. In the frame, F, the cartridge chamber thus the seard be so arranged as to 6 is extended rearwardly and enlarged to project upwardlycan into the slot g and there form the breech-bolt chamber, 6', in which engage with said projection f when the bolt the bolt G is reciprocatable, forwardly by 50 the power-spring 7, and rearwardly-when G is in or near its forward position-see Fig. 2. for Thusoperating the seard,theinsame, connection with 5 a cartridge is fired by cartridge actuation. devices constitutes The bolt G is made hollow for carrying portions of a complete fire-control means, therein the firing-pin f, and is also shown which, in the present instance is contained provided with a short arm or connection ex 5 tending through the frame-slot 68, and there within a casing, F, extending downwardly through the mortise, 10, of the stock, so that 20 provided with the weight or momentum the means is manually accessible block, 7, which also serves as a handle andfire-control operable from below the stock. whereby to retract said bolt by hand to the For so controlling operation of the loading position, Fig. 3. When thus re sear-member d that thethe firearm operate O tracted by hand or otherwise-the-for as an auto-loading arm, but not will as an auto 125 ward end 7 of the bolt comes rearwardly of matic arm, I have provided a sear-retracting the opening 6h in the frame F, so that a trigger device having a disconnecting means, cartridge, as c (Fig. 6) will drop down and in Figs. 2, 3 and 3, I have illustrated a ward in the magazine N, and stand partially 5 forward of the bolt G, so that on the for preferred form and arrangement thereof. One feature of this improved arrangement 130 4 invention, but other suitable arrange of the fire-control means relates to the sear ent ments (not herein shown) of the fire-con member, as d, whereby this is made non trol may, if desired, be employed in retractable by the trigger excepting when somemeans instances. The particular construc 70 both the firing pin and the bolt Gare in tion and arrangement, however, of fire-con proper position therefor. For this purpose means which I have herein set forth, is said sear-member is herein shown supported trol regarded as being a separate subject-matter to have a reciprocatory movement in a di which is in the nature of a machine-element, rection longitudinally of the bolt movement. or mechanical movement, and which, there 75 The sear-member being pivoted on the pin is intended toa separate constituteapplication in part the 10 3e, which passes through the slot di”, there fore, subject-matter of to fore the sear-actuating spring 3 operates be concurrently pending herewith. to swing the sear upwardly toward its po Having thus described my invention, I sition in Fig. 2, and also. to force the sear . . . rearwardly, as in Fig. 3. Said sear spring claim: 80 1. A firearm comprising, as one element 15 3, however, is normally overcome by the thereof, a primary arm which consists of a stronger firing spring 7, so that when the stock and main barrel and which mechanism is in firing position, (Figs. 2 and connected has a mechanism-seat on the stock and rear 3), the sear-member d will be carried for ward of said main barrel, comprising, 85 ward, and so bring the hook 4shown thereof into in combination and as a and second element the trigger-engaging position in Figs, 20 a firearm mechanism removably 2 ??? ? ? member d, when ar thereof, onbarrel said forming mechanism-seat and extension provided ranged as here described, may be said to fixed with a a rearward constitute a two-motion sear device, the two of said main barrel, and with cartridge movements thereof being, respectively, in placing and firing devices. 90 ?? • 25 transverse directions. 2. A firearm comprising, as one element For coacting in a preferable manner with a primary arm which consists of a the seard when this is arranged as afore thereof, connected stock and main barrel and which said, the trigger, 4, is pivotally supported has a mechanism-seat on the stock and rear as by pin 4 in the casing ? of the frame ward of said barrel, and comprising, in com 95 F, and is provided with a by-pass device ar 80 bination as a second element thereof, an ranged to engage with said sear-member auxiliaryand firearm removably fixed on said only when this is in its forward position, mechanism-seat and comprising a frame see Fig. 3. The by-pass device may consist provided at the forward thereof with a 0. in a small lever, as 4, pivoted at 45 to the barrel forming a rearwardendextension of said 35 trigger-arm 4, and provided at one end with main barrel, and also provided with car the hooka4,movement-limiting and at the other tridge placing and firing devices inclosed end,sear-engaging 4, engaging with face or stop, as 6*, appurtenant to the frame within the frame, and with a fire-control F. A. springs', may be arranged for oper meanS. 3. A firearm comprising, as one element 105 40 ating the trigger, and another spring, s', for thereof, a primary arm which consists of a normally holding said lever-end 4* against connected stock and a long main barrel and the stop 6*. On releasing the trigger 4 from which has a mechanism-seat on the stock its retracted position (Fig. 3)-after the sear is in its said firing position-the by and rearward of said main barrel, and com- . 45 pass hook 4 rides over the sear-hook 4' as prising, in combination and as a second elle 110 ment thereof, an auxiliary firearm remov illustrated in Fig. 3, and thusincomes fixed on said mechanism-seat and com sear-engaging position shown Fig. 2.to the If, ably prising a frame provided at the forward now, the trigger 4 be drawn back as in Fig. end thereof with a short barrel having a 5 3, the said hook 4 draws down the seard 50 and thereby releases the firing-pin f, where tenon and socket connection with said main upon the sear is forced back by its spring barrel, whereby said short barrel forms a rearward continuation of the main barrel, 3 to the non-engaging position thereof and means appurtenant to the firearm for (Fig. 3) relative to the by-pass hook 4 of adjusting the longitudinal, position of the the trigger. Thus the trigger device is for a main barrel and the auxiliary, firearm one 20 55 time made inoperative, as a result of the relative to the other. peculiar mode of action of the two-motion 4. In a firearm comprising a primary arm sear, and this result occurs each time the which consists of a shoulder-arm having a arm is fired, and however rapidly the firing stock and main barrel, the combination with takes place. shoulder-arm of an auxiliary firearm 125 60 The improved fire-control mechanism said comprising frame which is removably herein illustrated and described since it fixed on saida stock rearward of the main comprises a two-motion sear-member com barrel, and which is provided cartridge bined with a trigger device having a by-pass placing and firing mechanismwithcoöperative means is regarded as being peculiarly with the main barrel. 130 65 adapted for use in connection with my pres 1855,410 5. În a firearm comprising a primary arm ? mortise of the stock, and having in the which consists of a shoulder-arm having a the Sing a fire-control means manually oper stock and a main barrel, the combination able from below the stock. with said shoulder-arm of an auxiliary fire 8. In a firearm comprising, as one element 35 arm comprising a frame which is remov thereof, a primary arm which is without ably fixed on said stock rearward of and in operable members therein and consists of a coöperative relation with the main barrel, connected stock and main barrel, and which and which is provided with cartridge-firing has a mechanism-seat on the stock and rear 40 and shell-extracting. means, and with fire ward of said barrel, the combination with O control means manually operable from be said primary arm of an auxiliary magazine low the stock. firearm removably on said mechanism 6. In a firearm comprising a primary arm. Seat and provided fixed with a barrel forming a which consists of a shoulder-arm having a rearward extension of said barrel. 45 stock and main barrel, the combination with 9. In a firearm comprising,main as one element 15 said shoulder-arm of an auxiliary firearm a primary arm which is without mechanism comprising a frame which is re thereof, operable therein and consists of a movably fixed on said stock rearward of connectedmembers stock and barrel, and which the main barrel, and which is provided with has a mechanism-seatmain on the stock and rear 50 cartridge-firing and shell-extracting means, 20 and with fire-control means in coöperative ward of said barrel, the combination with the primary arm of an auxiliary firearm relation with the main barrel. a frame removably fixed on said 7. In a firearm comprising a primary arm comprising mechanism-seat and provided with a barrel which consists of a shoulder-arm having a forming a rearward extension of said main 55 stock and main barrel, and having a mortise barrel, said frame also having a casing for 25 downwardly through the stock, the combi a trigger-sear mechanism the trig nation with said shoulder-arm of an aux ger device thereof extendsintowhich a position be iliary firearm mechanism comprising a low said primary arm. frame which is removably fixed on said JOHN D. PEDERSEN. stock rearward of the main barrel, and 30 which is provided with cartridge-firing and Witnesses: shell-extracting means, said frame also hav L. E. WETMORE, ing a casing extending downwardly through E. C. GILBERT.