Historical Document · 1920
John D. Pedersen's firearm patent, filed 28 April 1917 and issued 12 October 1920, one of the four patents behind the Pedersen Device. Cited by the Pedersen Device dive.
J. D. PEDERSEN, 1,855,417. FREARM, APPLICATION FILED APR, 28, 1917, , 1920. Patented6 SHEETS-S 0ct, 12HEET , e/o/azz Z.A.4aerse/z, Ziy 722's e422// J, D, PEDERSEN, FREARM APPLICATION FLED APR. 28, 1917, 1,355,417 6 SHEETS-SHEET 2. N @ Øz i Patented 0ct, 12, 1920. I 2222222 1,42222222222222Z232 NS Zºzzzzzzzz! -'}, S 24 S Ø CYC-2 Azze/ZZor: e/2/2/z Z. A242ers evz, Z37 ?eas eazez, a J, D, PEDERSEN 1,855,417. FREARM, APPLICATION F1ED APR. 28, 97 Patented Oct. 12, 1920. 6 SEES-SHEET 3. SXSASS3 -- -- (SSSSSNSSSS}S{SSSSoSSSSXSSSS?|.KXSSSSSSSSS.SSSSS, SSSSSSSSSSSESK, 2. SSSSSSSSSSSSS?XSSSSS?SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSNo.? 2. Š r des S e/2 SYX-SSa& J. D. PEDERSEN, FREARM ApplicATION FILED APR. 28, 1917. 1,355,417. N Patented SHEES-SHEET 0ct, 12, 1920. 4, S v V. A awe (Z 47/5. CA (OSWD) V N Ryuu y - 2 S N Orwin N. 2 1-, 2 ZZ 3t ee 3 Mazzvezzor: Az 22*. Zaz /2e/o 2s eazy, J. D. PEDERSEN, FREARM, 1,855,417. APPLICAON FLED APR. 28, 197. Patented 0ct, 12, 1920. 6 SHEES-SHEET 5, 7472 KZQZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ a 2, . zzZ2 22 EZ2. 4/7-AF2- A 2-CD / , D Na Ya Na Mizzy ev242; d/o/z z Z. Aeae/se/z, Z3//zes e4A2/2/2a42-4 J. D., PEDERSEN, FREARM APPLICATION FED APR. 28, 1917, 1,355,417. Patented6 SHEETS-S 0ct, 12,HEET1920. 6, Azaz' 72NN A6 9. % 373 4A 24 t 2ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ a D - Azzyaz M2 : e/2/2Z Z. M242e 7.2 ea. 17 as E32T UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. JOHN D. PEDERSEN, OF JACKSON, wYoMING. - FIREARM, 1,355,417. specification of Letters Patent. Patented Oct. 12, 1920. Application filed April 28, 1917. Serial No. 165,171. To all whom it may concern: only a small number of them, whereas he can carry, a relatively very large number Beit known that I, JoHN D. PEDERSEN, a citizen of the United States, residing in of shorter and lighter cartridges which are Jackson, in the county of Lincoln and State especially suitable for short, range work, of Wyoming, have invented certain new and as for instance, in stopping a charge, or 60 useful Improvements in Firearms, of which rush, from a near-by trench: For these the following is a specification. purposes, the so called “stopping effect” This invention relates to breech-loading of a short projectile of a given diameter, firearms, and more particularly to improve even when fired at a relatively low velocity, 10 ments adapted for use in that class of shoul is known to be substantially equal to the 65. der arms which are commonly known as heavier projectiles which are of the same bolt-guns; some features, however, are ap: diameter, but of the usual “piercing’ form, plicable to firearms of other varieties, as will as now-usually employed in the regulation more clearly appear from the following de Service ammunition for military shoulder 15. scription. arms. Therefore, certain features of my 70 One of the principal objects of my present present improvements relate more especially invention is to provide a secondary firearm to the secondary firearm mechanism, which, mechanism which is in the nature of an aux to secure rapidity of action, is preferably iliary arm, and which shall be applicable organized for operating by the auto-loading 20 by suitable adaptation merely of the form method, and which, for such reasons, is 75 and proportions thereof.--to ordinary kinds herein shown provided with a cartridge of breech-loading guns, and thereby equip actuated, combined breech-bolt and power such firearms for operation, at the election slide that is coöperative with other devices of the user, in either one of two ways. For in an apparatus comprising cartridge-oper 25 instance, the primary arm may be an ordi ating and shell-ejection means. 80 GG nary boltgun, of which the “Springfield” 99 } By equipping and employing in the man service rifle is one well-known kind or type. ner herein set forth, a bolt-gun of the class This class of firearms usually have the bar indicated, a further object and advantage is rel thereof secured to or in the forward end secured, in that the firearm may be fired frame, or “receiver” in which is rapidly to the extent of several hundred 85 formed a breeching-member chamber, and cartridges without such an 'excessive heat the breeching-member is commonly a recip ing as to disable the firearm. If the regula rocatable “ Bolt, or (in , some cases) a tion long-range cartridges should be fired “breech-block,”-arranged to be readily and rapidly in such a shoulder arm-as for in 35 quickly removable from the frame. Taking stance, with the rapidity common in auto 90 such a firearm for use as a primary arm, loading pistols and in machine guns, the and the breeching-member, or “bolt there firing of some fifty to eighty cartridges of being removed, the secondary or auxiliary would ordinarily so overheat the arm as firearm mechanism may then be inserted and to render the same incapable of effective 40 removably fixed in working position, in use. Therefore, as a means whereby to ob 95 place of the removed bi-ERE and tain the desired rapidity and duration of thus make the combined or augmented fire continuous firing for the short-range work, arm ready for use. '. the insertible auxiliary mechanism should A further object is to furnish means not only be a magazine breech-loader, but is 45 whereby to temporarily, and from time to . preferably constructed for using cartridges 100 time, equip a breech-loading shoulder arm, which are very much shorter, and which especially such a firearm of the so called have much smaller charges of explosives, “military class-with means for firing than the said long range cartridges, so that with a relatively great rapidity, a short much less heat will be generated within 50 range ammunition in place of the long the barrel in proportion to the number of 05 range and high-power cartridges usually cartridges used in a given time. By the employed in operating such breech-loaders. same means, a more rapid cooling is also These long range cartridges are necessarily secured, since the gas pressures are much of such dimensions and considerable weight, less while using the short-range cartridges, 55 that in actual service a soldier can carry. and also because both the heat-absorbing G 30 of a s i855,417 and the heat-radiating surfaces of the bar b of the primary arm, whereby this de rel are much larger relatively to the powder vice, b, when in one position, Fig. 2, en charges of the short range ammunition, than gages and thus holds in place the frame, F, they are relatively to the charges of the of the secondary mechanism, and when in 70 another position, Fig. 2, releases said mem long range ammunition. F, and thus permits the secondary mech While the cartridges for use in the aux ber anism to be withdrawn-bodily and with iliary mechanism should, in accordance with out disassembling of any parts thereof.the best practice, be very much shorter than the regular high-power cartridges for the from the primary arm; these views, Figs. 75 0. primary arm, it will be convenient and de 2, 2, are drawn on an enlarged scale cor sirable in many instances to have the re responding to Figs. 4 to 10, inclusive. spective projectiles of about the same diame Fig. 3 is a plan view of the mechanism shown in Fig. 2; these two views are drawn ter, so that the shorter ones will work in alinement to facilitate comparison of the 80 REE in the barrel of the shoulder arm. same. In Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the rear sight 15 his difference in the lengths of the respec is shown of a form and arrangement as tive kinds of cartridges favors the arrang T, ing of the proportions and details of the commonly employed on the “Springfield said secondary mechanism in such manner . rifle,” and hence it need not be described in as to require only a short reciprocation or detail; this sight is shown herein in the fold 85 20 stroke of the breech-bolt member of this ed-down position thereof. a plan view of said frame mem mechanism, so that this entire mechanism berFig.F, 3"ofisthe said secondary, or auxiliary, may, in practice, be so designed and con this view is on the same scale as, structed as to be for nearly the whole length mechanism; and is located alongside of, Fig. 3, for show 90 thereof, contained within the space other ing some features of said frame member 25 wise occupied by the relatively long-stroke which, in Fig. 3, are hidden by being in bolt-member of the primary arm. In addition to the foregoing objects and closed within the receiver C of the primary features of a more general character, further 8. objects and advantages of importance are Fig. 4 is a sectional side view, correspond 30 pointed out and explained in the course of ing with Fig. 2, but drawn on a larger 95 with end portions broken the following detailed description of a pre scale-and away-for illustrating the preferred gen ferred embodiment of my present improve eral arrangement of the primary arm and ments. auxiliary or secondary arm, (the latter being In the accompanying drawings, forming shown as a magazine breech-loading bolt 100 35 a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side gun), when these arms are assembled to elevation (drawn on a small scale.) of the gether ready for use in firing the short range middle portion of a breech-loading shoulder ammunition; in this view the details of the arm of the well-known “Springfield' type, mechanism are indicated as being in firing 05 and having in place in the frame-andin position. . closed, or “firing” position-the bolt-mem 40 Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 are cross sectional views ber of the firearm mechanism; this regular taken on the line X, X, X and X, re bolt-member-here designated as a whole by spectively, Fig. 4, and are each taken as D-is shown in a similar side view, but if looking of in a forward direction, as indi 10 removed from the mechanism, and on a cated by the arrows adjacent to said section 45 larger scale, in Fig. 1. Fig. 1 is a section on line Xi, Fig. 1, for lines. is a sectional side view of the sec showing the relation of the usual form of Fig. 9firearm mechanism-corresponding locking and releasing device, b°. of a ondary with Fig. 4-for more fully illustrating the "Springfield” rifle, to the bolt mechanism, 15 50 D, thereof; this view, Fig. 1, is also for details and mode of operation of the mecha nism; in this view the breech-bolt is in re comparison with Figs. 2 and 2P, hereinafter tracted position and the mechanism ready described. for firing. Fig. 2 is a side view similar to Fig. 1, 10 is a sectional side view similar 20 but showing the shoulder arm provided with to Fig. Fig. 9, for showing the same parts in the auxiliary or secondary firearm mecha 55 a more advanced stage of their cycle of op nism, the frame or casing, F, of which is in eration, the breech-bolt being shown in for serted into the main frame, or “receiver,” ward position, as at the moment of firing the C, and thus for nearly the whole length thereof is contained within the breeching Figs. 11, 12 and 13 are cross-sectional 125 60 member chamber or space otherwise (as in Fig. 1) occupied by the regular bolt-mem views in lines X, X1, X18, respectively, of Fig. 10, the direction of the line of sight ber, as D, Fig. 1. indicated by the arrows adjacent to Figs. 2 and 2 are similar sectional views being section lines, respectively. on line X2 of Figs. 2 and 3 for showing two such Figs. 14, 15 and 16 are three enlarged 130 65 positions, respectively, of said locking device Gide 1855,417 detail views (similar to portions of Figs. 8 as in Figs. 2, 3, 9, 10-holds in place the 9 and 10) for illustrating the step by step operative parts assembled therein. operation of the trigger-and-sear mechanism Figs. 29 and 29 are, respectively, a side in connection with the combined breech-bolt view and end elevation of the sear; Figs. and power slide. 30, 30 and 30 are detail views of the sear 70 Fig. 17 is a side elevation of the frame or lock, and are respectively, side view, and “casing member of the secondary firearm end view, and a horizontala section in line mechanism, as seen from the right-hand in X; these five views, it will be noted, are Figs. 6, 7 and 8; said member is here shown 10 shortened (for convenience of illustration) drawn on a scale twice as large as shown in Figs. 9,and10,16.and one-half the scale of Figs. 75 by having a mid-portion thereof, broken 14, 15 away; this casing, or secondary frame 31 is a side view of the guide rod which is designated as a whole by F-may forFig. the sear-lock spring-see Figs, 14 to also be designated as the “receiver,' when 16,-and Fig. 32 is a similar view of the 5 referring to the said secondary mechanism. cap lock-see 9, 10. 80 Fig. 18 is an end elevation of the casing Fig. 33 is anFigs. approximate illustration of member or receiver F, as seen from the left the relative proportions of two kinds of hand in Fig. 17; Fig. 19 is a longitudinal cartridges such as may be used in the pri section, (shortened as in Fig. 17), taken on 20 line X1, Fig. 18; and, Fig. 20 is a cross mary arm, and in the secondary firearm mechanism, respectively, when these are of 85 sectional view of the member F taken on particular construction and arrangement line X, Fig. 19. The position of the frame herein represented. F in Figs. 17 and 19 corresponds with the Similar characters designate like parts in position thereof as seen in Figs. 2, 4, 9, all the figures. and 10. While my present improvements are ap 90 Fig. 21 is a side elevation of the combined plicable to a variety of shoulder arms, the breech-bolt and power slide, (with the ex well-known kind of bolt-gun represented in tractor removed therefrom), as seen from Fig. 1-commonly referred to as the below in Fig. 3, and from the right-hand GG Springfield ’ rifle-is typical of a con 30 in Figs. 7, 8, 12 and 13; Fig.21 is a front siderable number of such arms, and has 95. end elevation as seen from the right-hand therefore been selected for illustration here in Fig. 21, and showing the extractor in in as a suitable “primary firearm' to which place in the recess which is shown formed my improved secondary firearm mechanism therefor in said breech-bolt member; Fig. may be advantageously applied for operat 35 22 is a longitudinal vertical section throug ing in combination therewith. It will be re OO this bolt or slide member, and Fig. 23 is an membered that, as indicated in Fig. 1, said underside view thereof, as seen from below “Springfield’ rifle-which, of course, is a in Figs. 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 and 13. military arm-comprises the barrel B; the Fig. 24 is a side view on an enlarged scale, 40 of the extractor, (in a preferred form there “receiver” or main frame, C, having there a breeching-member chamber; the recip 05 of), as seen from above in Fig. 21", and in rocatable breech-bolt D, operable in said showing the relation thereof to the bolt chamber; and, stock S, having the usual member as seen from above the line X" in fore-stock and the the shoulder portions, (not Fig. 13; Fig. 24 is a view of said extractor herein fully shown). The barrel B also 45 as seen from below in Fig. 24. carries the usual, or some suitable sights, O Fig. 25 is a side view of the barrel of the as the rear sight T and a fore (not secondary mechanism, and which is here shown). The stock, frame and sight barrel are shown in a position corresponding to the held assembled by the customary releasable position thereof as shown in Figs. 4, 9 and 50 10; Fig. 25 is an end elevation of said fastenings-which do not require particu description here-and an ordinary 115 barrel as seen from the left-hand in Fig. 25; lar magazine at M from which to and, Fig. 25 is a longitudinal section in supply theis indicated regulation service cartridges line X25, of Fig. 25. , , through the usual bottom opening of the Fig. 26 is a side view of the firing-pin 55 also similarly shown in Figs. 9 and 10 frame C to the required position forward of the breech-bolt D, (when this is re 120 which is also utilized as an ejector device. tracted), well-known manner. Said Figs. 27 and 27 are, respectively, a longi magazineallMinis aherein indicated in Figs.4 tudinal section and rear-end view of the and 6, but the spring and follower usually guide tube for the rearward end of the fir 60 ing-pin; this guide tube also serves as an arranged therein are here omitted, since those parts are not only well-known, but 125. abutment for the firing-pin spring-see when in place are not operable in connec Figs. 9, 10. tion with improvements. In this Figs. 28 and 28° are, respectively, a sec connection,myitpresent should be understood that the tion and end view of the casing cap; this parts illustrated in Figs. 1, 1" and 1, being 63. member when in place on the casing, F already disclosed and explained in printed 130 s4. 1855,417 publications, need not be fully described or and barrel-extension for the primary arm illustrated herein, nor explained further while serving as the barrel of the secondary than is required for the purposes of com a. In practice, said secondary barrel 6 may. 70 parison with the succeeding views. made as a separate piece and removably One of the leading purposes of this in be fixed in the forward ends of the secondar to provide for using any vention being F, or, in some instances, if preferred, breech-loading shoulder arm suitable there frame said short barrel may be made integral with for especially a bolt-gun of the said “Springfield' type-with two kinds of said frame. However, the said separate 10 ammunition, (Fig. 33), and also to enable construction, arranged about as herein illus 75 is believed to be generally preferable, the user to quickly change from either one trated, to the other, as occasion naay require; there and accordingly said barrel 6 is shown pro with a threaded end 6° screwed into fore, the frame, as F. (see Figs. 2, 3, 8', 4), videdframe F similarly as the main barrel B 80 - of the secondary mechanism, is herein shown isthefixed to the receiver C. s. 5 having the forward part thereof of a bolt The insertible frame F has said cartridge form, and it should have such an external 6 thereof extended rearwardly and size and suitable conformation as to pro chamber enlarged to form a breech-bolt chamber, 6', vide for sliding this frame forwardly into which the bolt G is reciprocatable, for 85 the working position within the receiver or in 20 main frame, as C, after the bolt member, as wardly by the power-spring 7, and rear wardly, - when a cartridge is fired, - by D, of the primary firearm mechanism has cartridge actuation. The bolt G is shown been withdrawn out of the breeching-mem with an arm or projection, 7, ber-chamber of said receiver. When thus provided removably inserted and locked in place, which extends through the frame-slot 6. 9) 25 (Figs. 4, 9, 10.) said secondary frame F, (see Figs. 11, 12) and there carries a weight as will now be evident, constitutes a breech 7 which also serves as a handle whereby the bolt may be retracted Y.Fig. hand14)forrearwardly engaging ing-member for the barrel B of the primary the retaining face 7, ( arm. Also, since a considerable part of the secondary barrel, 6, is inclosed within of the sear-face, as d, formed on some suit 30 the main barrel B, said short barrel 6 may able sear-device. Thus the arm 7 is a 95 be made with thin walls and hence of light means for preventing the bolt G from turn weight. Similarly, since the secondary ins, partially rotating) within the frame F. hen the bolt G is retracted either by frame F may be partially inclosed in ac cordance with the arrangement thereof here hand or cartridge actuation, to the loading 100 Fig. 9, the forward end, 7, of the in selected for illustration-in the main position, frame, as C, of a primary arm, therefore reciprocatable bolt comes rearwardly of the said secondary frame may be made of a opening 6 in the frame, (Fig. 9), so that a of the series c, as c” (Fig. 6) will minimum size, and the entire secondary arm cartridge be lowered or drop down in the magazine 105 may be made of a minimum weight, much 40 less, in practice, than would otherwise be N and stand partially forward of the bolt and thus on the release of the bolt, will practicable, even in a firearm of the pistol G, pushed forward-or “placed,”-into fir class if constructed for using ammunition be ing position as shown in Fig. 10. During of the same size and power. By comparing the representation in Fig. this forward movement-which in practice, 10 completed by said spring 33, of the long range cartridge, b, with the will be rapidly relatively heavy firing-pin f lies short barrel 6 of the secondary mechanism 7-the as shown in Figs. 9 and 10, it will be seen loosely and in a fully-retracted position in that this barrel and said high-power car the bore 7 of the bolt G, and will at first be tridge b are externally of corresponding held back by its own inertia and the light 50 sizes and proportions, so that the auxiliary spring 7, with the collar f' of said pin barrel 6 will closely fill the usual cartridge resting against the shoulder at 7s in the chamber of the barrel of the primary arm. breech-bolt. On the bolt G stopping sud (See Figs. 4, 10.) Thus, it may be said that denly at the end of its forward stroke (Fig. a forward part or extension of the frame F 10), the momentum of the firing pin f com 55 of the secondary arm, forms, also-or has presses said pin-retracting spring 7 and 120 therein-a rearward extension of the main thus the point f of the pin is driven against barrel B; also, that the short bore 6° con the primer and fires the cartridge in a man nects and is in alinement with the bore of ner already well-known in the art. the main barrel B, and with the cartridge Said fully-retracted position of the pin f 25 80 chamber 6 (see Fig. 9), of the secondary in the bolt G is not shown in Figs. 9 and 10, in Fig. 26; it occurs after mechanism. Said forward extension, 6, but isboltindicated G moves forward in the frame F therefore, in one sense, constitutes an the the distance f in Fig. 9; then said collar “adapter,” while it also constitutes a short fby rests against the ring or stop f which is barrel for the secondary arm, so that said 130 extension 6 serves as a combined adapter held forwardly in the bore 7 by the spring 1855,417 7, and thus bears against a shoulder at 7. ing the sear to the position thereof in Fig. For illustrating these features, a fragmen 14; this stroke of dis limited by a stop, as tary part of the bolt G is shown in section 6. When this operation takes place, the in Fig. 26, in the position above explained. lock-end e' comes forward of the faced of the seard, thereby blocking (or “locking') .70 The mechanism or bolt chamber 6 of the frame F of the auxiliary mechanism, is the sear in the slide-engaging position there of (Fig. 14) until the locke shall be raised frame, so that the operative members may to the position thereof shown in Fig.15; be readily assembled therein and removed when thus released, however, the locke (un 10 therefrom. A suitable cap, as H, may be less otherwise controlled) will be quickly 75 removably fixed on the frame F, in any con raised to its position in Fig. 16, by a rotation venient manner, for closing the rearward of seard, since the faces 9. and dare-in end of said chamber 6, and also to furnish the preferable form herein shown-So in a support for the abutment tube 8, and also clined or shaped as to operate as a sear re 5 an abutment face at 8, (Fig.9) for stop tracting means, whereby the seard will be 80 ping the rearward movement of the bolt G. actuated (toward its slide-releasing position Similarly the retraction of the firing pin in in Fig. 16) by the forwardly acting pressure the bolt is stopped by the end, 8, of the of bolt or slide G. For limiting the down tube 8 before the bolt G has been fully re 20 tracted. Since said cap H serves as a stop ward movement of the lock e, this may be 85 provided with any suitable stopping means, or abutment face for limiting the rearward such, for instance, as the stop-face et which stroke of the breech-bolt G, it may be said strikes the faced when the parts are in the to constitute an adjustable stroke-limiting positions shown in Fig. 14. stop for the breech action. In the present controlling the operation of the sear 25 instance, said cap H is shown strongly at d For nothwithstanding the above described 90 tached by being screwed onto the threaded mode of coaction thereof with the lock rear-end portion 6 (Fig. 9) of the frame F, member e, I have provided a further im and is locked in place by a spring-actuated provement, as follows. It will be remem retractable pin or detent, 8, engaging in bered that the main trigger, 4, of the pri 95 30 notches, as 89, formed in the periphery of mary arm is pivoted at 4 (see Fig. 4) for the cap. By this means, said cap may be operating in a well-known manner the main screwed onto the frame a greater or lesser sear-lever 3, which is shown pivoted at 3 distance, and so be locked in a selected posi to the receiver or frame C, and is strongly tion, as may be required for effecting a 35 slight adjustment of the precise working actuated by the usual spring 39. The point 100 3° is thus normally kept raised up to its po position of the breech-bolt G and firing sition in Figs. 4 and 15, and is thus in posi pln f. tion when the ordinary bolt D, (Figs, 1, 1), When the frame F is slid into place in the is in use, to catch and hold retracted the 40 receiver C, said rib-like lower portion 6 usual firing pin thereof, all in a well-known 105 (see Figs. 4, 7, 8) is contained within a manner. In order to secure. certain advan roove or channel. 3, in the main frame C. tages by the employment of said lever 3 in In said portion 6, the mortise 6" constitutes connection with the secondary firearm mech a chamber space for receiving the sear-de anism, the seard and sear-lock e may be so vice, which in the form thereof herein shown located, arranged and connected in or ap 45 consists of the two coacting members d and purtenant to the frame F as to bring each 110 e, these being designated as the sear and the of said members d and e into a direct coac sear-lock, respectively. The seard is oper tion . with said lever point 3; by this ated on its pivot 6 into the bolt-engaging means-as illustrated in the drawings, -I secure a peculiar, and in some respects a position thereof,spring (Figs. (not 9 andshown) 14), bytosome 50 directly-acting be relatively automatic mode of operation of 1.5 suitably arranged therefor. In the present the combined firearm. instance, however, said sear-actuation is ef When the combined arm is assembled fected by the sear-lock-actuating spring act ready for use, the gunner with one hand ing a sear-lock member, e, which is the arm and draws back the trigger 55 also through appurtenant to the breech-loading aux 4,grasps (this being appurtenant to the primary 120 iliary arm. (See Figs. 14, 15, 16.) The arm or bolt-gun), and with the other hand springe is or may be carried on a guide rod, grasps the handle 7 and draws back the e', slidably mounted in the lock member, e, bolt G as indicated in Figs. 4, 9, 14; during and bearing against the frame face 6, which this operation, the lever point 3° is retracted 60 thus serves as an abutment. as indicated in Figs. 9, 10, 14 and 16, so that 25 The sear-locke being pivoted on the pivot the locke and seard can take their positions or pin 6P, the springe therefore tends to as in Figs. 9 and 14, in the manner already continuously force down the sear-engaging explained, thereby locking the bolt G in its ende', which thus bears, on the faced of the refracting or “firing” position as in Fig. 9. 65 shown extended to the rear end of this 9 9, retracted sear, (Fig. 16), for thereby turn This having been accomplished, on releasing 130 1855,417 the trigger 4, the relatively powerful spring In this operation, however, the point f co operates with an extractor hook, h", with 3 (Fig. 4) forces the lever-point 3 up which the breech-bolt will be provided in wardly and thereby raises lockere to its some suitable or well-known manner. In 70 position in Fig. 15, (also indicated in Fig. the present instance, said hook h’ is shown 4), and thereby permits the seard to turn on the forward end of the extractor slightly downward (Fig. 15), until stopped formed h, which is carried by the spring-arm h by its point or armid coming against said thereof engaging with the bolt G by means main lever 3, as in Figs. 4 and 15. The arm of interengaging faces at hand 7-see 75 is now cocked ready for the automatic ac Figs. 21 and 24; but any suitable and well 10 tion. Then, to fire the arm, it is only neces arrangement of extractor device may sary to again draw back the trigger 4 in the known For sustaining the pull upon usual manner, thereby retracting the lever be employed. hook h”, while drawing the cartridge point 3° from the position thereof in Figs. the 4 and 15 to the position thereof in Figs. 9, shell from the barrel 6°, (compare Figs. 10, 80 15 10 and 16, whereupon the bolt G slides for 21, 21, 24), said extractor h may be pro vided with a short projection, as h., fitted ward, the seard is blocked in lowered posi E. age in the socket 7, (Fig.21), of the tion as in Figs. 10 and 16, the cartridge, as c, is loaded into the barrel and fired, and the Since the primary arm, (Fig. 1), is-or bolt G is next driven back to and locked in 85 bolt, G. , - . Thus the ganized for using relatively long car (as b, Fig. 33), and the secondary required automatic loading and firing opera tridges, arm (Fig. 6) is organized for using short . tions are completed. (as 6, Fig. 33), therefore in On account of the extreme rapidity with cartridges, the two arms, (Fig. 3), a short. 90 which the said operations are performed, the combining 25 trigger 4 when it is pulled in order to fire stroke breech action is substituted for a the arm, will normally hold the lever point long stroke breech action, with the result of bringing the insear-device of the second 3° depressed as in Figs. 9 and 14 until after ary proper position for di the full retraction of the bolt G; this pro rect mechanism coaction with the trigger-sear device 95 vides for the parts d. and e to thereupon 30 immediately assume their position as shown of the primary firearm, so that while the in Fig. 14, so that on releasing the trigger 4, trigger-sear device is in position for co acting in the usual direct manner with the said parts will take their positions as in Fig. firing-pin of the primary arm, it is also in 15, in the manner already explained. Thus proper position coacting in a different the auxiliary arm each time it is fired, is manner with the for entire breech action of the 100 35 automatically set and made ready to be fired arm. Thus the trigger-sear de again by the next backward pull upon the secondary vice of the primary arm is brought into a trigger 4; this trigger is appurtenant to the combination the sear-device of the sec primary arm or bolt-gun, while the seard ondary arm, with thereby producing for use in is appurtenant to the frame F., and, hence, 40 also appurtenant to the auxiliary firearm the combined arms (Fig. 3) a compound 105 trigger-sear mechanism which comprises mechanism. . . sear-devices, of which one is appurte On the firing of the cartridge, the shell two to the primary, and the other to the thereof, as c, Fig. 10, is driven back against nant arm. the bolt G, which by reason of its own weight secondary, For supplying the cartridges to the cham 110 45 and the force of the power spring 7 affords ber 6', any suitable and well-known maga sufficient resistance to permit the projectile zine may be employed, but I prefer to use to pass through and out of the barrel while for such purpose an ordinary straight-tube the bolt itself moves but slightly during the holder, as N; in Figs. 4, 6, this form of 15 time in which the bolt is absorbing power magazine is shown provided with the wings, 50 enough to later complete by its own momen ribs, 14, 14, which enter grooves 15, 15'., tum, the rearward stroke to the position or formed in the projections 6', 6', respec thereof in Fig. 9. During this rearward tively, of the frame F. Said projections stroke, the bolt-advancing spring 7-by its are shown of a size and form which permits 120 bearing against the tube 8 is compressed 55 and thus made ready for again driving for them to pass through the usual space 3. (Figs. 2, 2, 4, 7), of the frame of the ward the bolt when the sear, d, shall be again “Springfield' bolt un, when the frame F retracted to the point of disengagement. On is being withdrawn from said frame C. nearing its said rearward position. (Fig. 9) The secondary frame has a locking face 125 the rearward end of the firing pin strikes 6, (Fig. 3), with whichFthe usual bolt-stop 60 against the end of tube 8 (which is held by b° of the primary arm, will engage when and thus the point f of said the cap H), to the position shown in Fig. 2", and pin is driven forwardly to a considerable. turned distance beyond the face, or shell seat 7', thus operate as a frame-lock; on turning (Fig. 9), and thereby said point acts as an this bolt-stop to the bolt-releasing position, 30 65 ejector for the shell of the spent cartridge. Fig. 2, the reduced side of this stop is then 20 its position in Figs. 4, 9 and 14. 7 1,855,417 in position to permit the frame F to be with magazines are preferably straight, and drawn rearwardly by a sliding movement. be made of a light-weight material, This operation of releasing and withdraw should in order to economize room and weight and ing the secondary firearm mechanism may thus enable the soldier to carry-at one 5 be accomplished with extreme celerity; time, and in case of necessity-at least two 70 prior to releasing the stop or lock b, of or three hundred cartridges of the short course the magazine N, if then in place, range kind, in addition to his allotment of should be removed. Thus the same lock, or long range ammunition. Thus the soldier stop, as b”, used in the primary arm to limit is given the power of instant selection as be O the rearward stroke of the bolt-mechanism. tween a manually operated arm for rela- 75 D, is also employed in the combined arm tively slow long range firing and an auto for the different purpose of holding the loading arm for rapid short range firing, auxiliary (secondary). frame F from hav as circumstances may require. ing movement. The mode herein set forth of employing 1.5 Inany the rearward breech-loading bolt-gun commonly a secondary as a member substitutable, 80 known as the “Springfield rifle,'-herein re -bodily, or arm as a whole-for the regular ferred to and briefly described, the frame C bolt-member of the primary arm, has the thereof is provided with-or has formed further and important advantage of provid therein-the usual chamber - like space. ing a long barrel for the short-range pro 20 which extends rearwardly from the barrel, jectile. By this means, also, the powder 85 and which I have designated the breeching gases are given a much longer time than member-chamber; in this chamber of “the usual, for driving forward the projectile, primary arm,” the bolt D, (which is the thereby increasing to the maximum prac operable breeching-member normally ap ticable limit or extent, the effective action 90 25 purtenant thereto), is fitted to slide and to of such gas pressure. partially rotate in the usual well-known Furthermore, the sights of the primary manner; on the removal of the said breech arm being carried on the long barrel, as B, ing-member D, the frame F of the second are therefore best arranged for use in aim ary or auxiliary arm may be slid into and ing while using the relatively short second 30 be removably fixed in said chamber, but ary firearm mechanism, so that cartridges of 95 while in use, this frame has no sliding move a kind ordinarily used only in military ment, nor does it have any rotative move. pistols, (or in others of like heavy con ment at any time while assembled in the struction), may now be used with equal ra combined firearm. Thus, as will now be over a longer range and with more 85 evident, the breeching-member, or “bolt,”- pidity effective aiming, and with the fire main- 100 as D of the primary arm, and the frame, tained during a longer period of time. A -as F-of the auxiliary arm or mechanism, further advantage conducive to the fore are two elements of combination which are going results, is that the relatively large exchangeable each for the other, and are weight of the primary arm, which thus car 40 adapted each for use in the absence of the ries the secondary arm, serves for the latter 05 other, in connection with an element properly as a heavy base-member, and by steadying describable as a primary arm which con the mechanism while in action, thereby en sists of a breech-loading bolt-gun having a ables the gunner to secure a reliability of breeching-member-chamber and from which not otherwise attainable under the 5 the operable breeching-member normally aiming conditions in which such short-range am-110 appurtenant thereto has been removed. Be munition is generally required. cause of said exchangeability, the frame F While my present improvements are par is said to be of a “bolt-form,' since this ticularly adapted for use in firearms having frame can replace the bolt of the primary rifled barrels, they may be applied, if de 50 arm, and therefore to this extent is of sim sired, to smooth-bore barrels; accordingly 115 ilar form. in the accompanying drawings, the main By means of the described mode of com. barrel B and the auxiliary barrel 6 are each bining the primary and secondary arms, the shown without any rifling being indicated latter may have such a small and short bar therein by the lines of the drawing. It 55 rel that when the secondary, arm, is with should, however, be understood that when 120 drawn, it may be carried by the soldier in a the “primary arm’ is a “Springfield” or small case slung from his belt; in this case, similar military arm, the barrel B mayor the regular bolt of the primary arm, may will normally have the kind of rifling also be .carried (buton preferably in a separate usually appurtenant to such arms, and that 60 compartment), while the secondary arm is the auxiliary barrel, as 6, may have any 125 in use. In the same case, or container, room well-known kind of rifling not hérein may also be provided for a suitable number shown), which is in suitable correspondence of duplicate-magazines charged with car with that of said main barrel. Also, it tridges; or, if desired, these may be carried - Yshould be noted that in some instances, if 65 ine a separate pouch or container, These desired, especially when the bore of the 130 - 1855,417 in said breeching 65 barrel B is of relatively large size, or larger which is removablyof fixed the primary arm, and than the desired diameter of the projectile member-chamber which is provided with cartridge-firing an of cartridge c, (Fig. 33)-the bore 6 of shell-extracting means. said barrel 6 may be smaller than the bore 3. A firearm comprising, one element. 70 of said barrel B, so that the projectile, after thereof, a primary arm whichas consists of a leaving the bore 6', will pass freely through said larger bore without contacting there breech-loading bolt-gun having a breeching and from which the oper with; in such instances, however, it will member-chamber usually be desirable to make the barrel 6 able breeching-member normally appurte considerably longer than shown in the nant thereto has been removed, and compris 75 in combination and as a second element drawing, so that when in place it will ex ing, an auto-loading auxiliary firearm tend for a moderate distance forwardly thereof, mechanism